REU: Parental Effects in Plantago lanceolata

REU：车前子的亲本效应

• 批准号: 8717663
• 负责人: Elizabeth Lacey
• 金额: $ 22.72万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina Greensboro
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-04-01 至 1992-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8717663&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: REU; Parental; Effects; Plantago; lanceolata

Many empirical studies demonstrate that parents can influence offspring appearance (phenotype) beyond the effects of nuclear chromosomes that parents contribute to offspring. For example, ecological and genetic studies have shown that the physical environment in which the parents are grown can affect offspring growth and reproduction. Likewise independent of environment, parents can transmit extra-nuclear DNA to offspring; this DNA can also influence growth and reproduction. Lacey's study will further characterize these parental effects (defined as these non-nuclear contributions that parents make to offspring phenotype), and also provide information about the role of these effects in natural and artificial selection. The research will focus on the effects of parental flowering time on offspring phenotype in Plantago lanceolata, an herbaceous weed of agricultural fields and other disturbed habitat. Flowering time effects will be examined directly. Also, because flowering time effects are probably mediated through temperature change during flowing and seed maturation, Lacey will examine how temperature affects offspring phenotype. Genetically different parents will be cloned and then grown and crossed under different combinations of temperatures and at different flowering times outdoors. Offspring of the crosses will then be grown and traits measured. The traits that will be measured determine an individual's fitness in a natural or evolutionary context and yield in an agricultural context. Because yield will be measured, the research will provide information that will be useful to crop breeders. Maximizing yield (a goal of crop breeders) necessitates knowing whether flowering time and temperature in one generation influence yield in the next and, if they do, what yield components are affected. For example; if parental flowering time, which is partially genetically controlled, is found to influence offspring yield, then breeders should be able to improve yield in a generation of commercial importance by altering flowering time or temperature in the previous generation. Lacey's project will provide information about the potential use of parental effects in crop breeding programs.

许多实证研究表明，父母对后代外观（表型）的影响超出了父母对后代的核染色体的影响。 例如，生态和遗传学研究表明，父母生长的物理环境会影响后代的生长和繁殖。 同样，与环境无关，父母可以将核外 DNA 传递给后代。 这种 DNA 还可以影响生长和繁殖。 莱西的研究将进一步描述这些亲本效应（定义为父母对后代表型做出的非核贡献），并提供有关这些效应在自然和人工选择中的作用的信息。 该研究将重点关注车前草（一种农田和其他受干扰栖息地的草本杂草）中亲本开花时间对后代表型的影响。 将直接检查开花时间的影响。 此外，由于开花时间的影响可能是通过开花和种子成熟过程中的温度变化介导的，莱西将研究温度如何影响后代表型。 遗传上不同的亲本将被克隆，然后在不同的温度组合和户外不同的开花时间下生长和杂交。 然后培育杂交后代并测量性状。 将测量的性状决定了个体在自然或进化环境中的适应性以及农业环境中的产量。 由于将测量产量，因此该研究将为作物育种者提供有用的信息。 最大化产量（农作物育种家的目标）需要了解一代的开花时间和温度是否会影响下一代的产量，如果会影响，哪些产量组成部分会受到影响。 例如;如果发现部分受基因控制的亲本开花时间会影响后代产量，那么育种者应该能够通过改变上一代的开花时间或温度来提高具有商业重要性的一代的产量。 莱西的项目将提供有关亲本效应在作物育种计划中的潜在用途的信息。