Mitochondrial Genes and Human Origins

线粒体基因和人类起源

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    8718775
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 19.37万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    1988
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    1988-02-15 至 1991-07-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

This grant provides the first of an expected three years of support to permit Dr. Wallace and his colleagues to apply their mtDNA techniques to a number of anthropological problems. It will allow continued categorization of both Old and new World mtDNA types and provide additional information on the original peopling and subsequent diversification of Native American populations in the New World. Dr. Wallace will collect blood samples from various Native American and Asian groups. These will be fractionated into cell types and lymphocytes immortalized with EBV. The mtDNA type of each individual will then be determined by digestion with six restriction endonucleases and the fragment types detected by Southern blotting. Lymphoblast mtDNAs from representative individuals will be examined in greater detail using additional restriction endonucleases, mtDNA:RNA heteroduplexes and mtDNA sequencing. Because each individual inherits mtDNA only from their mother, mitocondrial DNA reflects lineage in a straightforward genetically simple way. Because because it mutates relatively rapidly it serves an an excellent marker to trace population movement, both human and non-human over time. For many years anthropologists have used other genetically controlled physical traits such as tooth shape and size in a similar way to determine both the relationships between extant populations and trace their history. mtDNA can, in theory, do this much more effectively. One question of great anthroplogical interest is when prehistoric humans entered the New World and where they may have come from. Although it is known that these first inhabitants are of Asian stock and crossed over a then-exposed Bering land bridge, the details of this major migration are missing. Dr. Wallace's research should help to answer this question. This research is important for several reasons. It provides a new and extremely powerful tool for anthropological and historical research. Because the scientists who are most expert with this technique are not anthropologists it is important to build bridges between these two communities and this project will help to accomplish that. Also, because, in some instances, archaeological and linguistic data allow reconstruction of past population movements, anthropology can provide controlled contexts which molecular biologists can use to advantage.
这笔赠款提供了预期三年中的第一个, 支持允许华莱士博士和他的同事们应用他们的 线粒体DNA技术的一些人类学问题。 它 将允许继续对旧世界和新世界进行分类 线粒体DNA类型,并提供有关原始 美洲原住民的定居和随后的多样化 新世界的人口。 华莱士医生会收集血液 来自不同美洲原住民和亚洲群体的样本 这些 将被分成不同的细胞类型, 关于EBV 每个个体的mtDNA类型将被 通过用六种限制性内切酶消化测定, Southern杂交检测片段类型。 淋巴母 来自代表性个体的mtDNA将在 更详细地使用另外的限制性内切核酸酶, mtDNA:RNA异源双链体和mtDNA测序。 因为每个个体只从母亲那里遗传mtDNA, 线粒体DNA以一种简单的方式反映谱系, 基因简单的方法 因为它的变异相对来说 它很快就成为追踪种群的一个很好的标记 运动,人类和非人类的运动。 多年 人类学家已经使用了其他基因控制的物理 特征,如牙齿形状和大小,以类似的方式来确定 既有现存种群之间的关系, 历史 从理论上讲,mtDNA可以更有效地做到这一点。 一个人类学上很感兴趣的问题是, 人类进入了新世界,他们可能来自哪里。 虽然我们知道这些最早的居民是亚洲人, 穿过当时暴露的白令陆桥, 这一重大迁移的细节缺失。 华莱士医生 研究应该有助于回答这个问题。 这项研究之所以重要,有几个原因。 它提供了一个 新的和非常强大的工具,为人类学和 历史研究 因为最专业的科学家 不是人类学家,重要的是, 在这两个社区之间建立桥梁,这个项目将 帮助实现这一点。另外,因为在某些情况下, 考古学和语言学资料使人们得以重建过去 人类学可以提供可控的 分子生物学家可以利用的背景。

项目成果

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专利数量(0)

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Douglas Wallace其他文献

221 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF A RARE MUTATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA FOUND IN A PROSTATE CANCER
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.279
  • 发表时间:
    2010-04-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Rebecca Arnold;Adeboye Osunkoya;Sean O'Hearn;Fray Marshall;Douglas Wallace;Hong Yi;Elizabeth Wright;Carrie Sun;Les Costello;John Petros
  • 通讯作者:
    John Petros
127 A new generalized energy transduction rate law for modeling of OXPHOS systems and pathologies
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.mito.2009.12.118
  • 发表时间:
    2010-03-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Ivan Chang;Thierry Letellier;Douglas Wallace;Pierre Baldi
  • 通讯作者:
    Pierre Baldi
Molecular Identity and Regulatory Mechanisms of the Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein of Non-Adipose Tissues
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1127
  • 发表时间:
    2020-02-07
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Ambre M. Bertholet;Edward T. Chouchani;Lawrence Kazak;Alessia Angelin;Andriy Fedorenko;Jonathan Z. Long;Sara Vidoni;Ryan Garrity;Joonseok Cho;Naohiro Terada;Douglas Wallace;Bruce M. Spiegelman;Yuriy V. Kirichok
  • 通讯作者:
    Yuriy V. Kirichok
Sexuality and the disabled: Implications for the sex education of medical students
  • DOI:
    10.1007/bf01102599
  • 发表时间:
    1980-01-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.500
  • 作者:
    Douglas Wallace
  • 通讯作者:
    Douglas Wallace
Cold anticyclonic eddies formed from cold pool water in the southern Middle Atlantic Bight
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0278-4343(97)00038-1
  • 发表时间:
    1997-12-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Charles N. Flagg;Douglas Wallace;Zbigniew Kolber
  • 通讯作者:
    Zbigniew Kolber

Douglas Wallace的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Douglas Wallace', 18)}}的其他基金

Dissertation Research: Population Genetic Analysis of Paleoasiatic-Speaking Peoples of Northeastern Siberia: Evolutionary and Historical Influences
论文研究:西伯利亚东北部古亚细亚语民族的人口遗传分析:进化和历史影响
  • 批准号:
    9414900
  • 财政年份:
    1994
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
US-Sweden Cooperative Research: Chlorofluoromethane Measurements in the Antarctic
美国-瑞典合作研究:南极氯氟甲烷测量
  • 批准号:
    8820360
  • 财政年份:
    1988
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Interagency Agreement
Mitochondrial Genes and Human Origins
线粒体基因和人类起源
  • 批准号:
    8508497
  • 财政年份:
    1985
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Cytoplasmic Genetics in Cultured Mammalian Cells
培养哺乳动物细胞的细胞质遗传学
  • 批准号:
    8340190
  • 财政年份:
    1983
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Cytoplasmic Genetics in Cultured Mammalian Cells
培养哺乳动物细胞的细胞质遗传学
  • 批准号:
    8021871
  • 财政年份:
    1981
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Cytoplasmic Genetics in Cultured Mammalian Cells
培养哺乳动物细胞的细胞质遗传学
  • 批准号:
    7724793
  • 财政年份:
    1978
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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