Identification and Categorization of Multidimensional Stimuli

多维刺激的识别和分类

• 批准号: 8719938
• 负责人: Robert Nosofsky
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-06-01 至 1992-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8719938&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Identification; Categorization; Multidimensional; Stimuli

This research will study how people learn to classify objects and how categories are represented in memory. The research will be guided by the continued development and testing of a mathematical model, the exemplar model, formalizing the view that classification decisions are based on similarity comparisons between presented objects and stored exemplars. The research will involve the study of performance relations between categorization and other choice tasks people are often asked to perform, including identification and recognition. In the categorization task, people classify items into groups; in the identification task, each item is assigned a unique response; in the recognition task, people simply judge whether items are old or new. The exemplar model and another class of model, rule- based classification models, make different predictions about the relationships among results of experiments involving the three choice tasks. Therefore, the experiments should help to distinguish between these two kinds of theories. Theoretical research accompanying the experimentation will be aimed at elucidating the nature of stimulus bias and asymmetric similarity relations. The process of categorization is among the most fundamental of mental activities. It allows people to bring order and organization to their environment, and it is a building block of more complex cognitive activities such as reasoning, thinking, and problem solving. A clear understanding of the nature of categorization processes will be instrumental in advancing our understanding of human thought.

这项研究将研究人们如何学习对物体进行分类，以及类别如何在记忆中呈现。这项研究将以继续开发和测试一种数学模型--样本模型为指导，使分类决定是基于所展示的对象和存储的样本之间的相似性比较的观点正式化。这项研究将涉及分类和人们经常被要求执行的其他选择任务之间的绩效关系的研究，包括识别和再认。在分类任务中，人们对物品进行分组；在识别任务中，每个物品被分配一个唯一的回答；在识别任务中，人们简单地判断物品是旧的还是新的。样本模型和另一类模型-基于规则的分类模型对涉及三个选择任务的实验结果之间的关系做出了不同的预测。因此，实验应该有助于区分这两种理论。伴随实验进行的理论研究将旨在阐明刺激偏差和不对称相似关系的本质。归类过程是最基本的心理活动之一。它允许人们给他们的环境带来秩序和组织，它是更复杂的认知活动的基石，如推理、思考和解决问题。对分类过程的本质有一个清晰的理解，这将有助于我们对人类思维的理解。