The Coastal Effects of Tsunamis: A Study of Overland Flow and Its Interaction with Structures

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This research program is investigating the coastal effects of tsunamis (seismic sea waves), including the inundation of coastal areas and the interaction of overland flows with constructed facilities. Most tsunamis are generated by sea floor uplift or underwater landslides resulting from an earthquake. Unlike an earthquake, a tsunami can cause severe damage and loss of life several thousand miles from the source of the earthquake. For example, Hilo, Hawaii has been devastated by earthquakes occurring along the Aleutian chain in Alaska, and along the subduction zone off the Chilean coast. One of the most devastating tsunamis experienced in Japan resulted from the 1960 Chilean earthquake. The magnitude (height) of tsunamis at particular locations is difficult to predict, so that the actual height may be much less than expected. Also, the effect of a tsunami of known height in causing damage to coastal structures is virtually unknown. Most of the research undertaken has been for specific sites: little generic research has been performed although these research topics are basic to the understanding of the coastal effect of tsunamis. Professor Raichlen is investigating these subjects both analytically and experimentally. These pioneering studies are expected to contribute significantly to the understanding of the coastal effect of tsunamis.