The Coastal Effects of Tsunamis: A Study of Overland Flow and Its Interaction with Structures

海啸的海岸影响：地表水流及其与结构相互作用的研究

• 批准号: 8719931
• 负责人: Fredric Raichlen
• 金额: $ 28.12万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-04-01 至 1991-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8719931&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coastal; Effects; Tsunamis; Study; Overland

This research program is investigating the coastal effects of tsunamis (seismic sea waves), including the inundation of coastal areas and the interaction of overland flows with constructed facilities. Most tsunamis are generated by sea floor uplift or underwater landslides resulting from an earthquake. Unlike an earthquake, a tsunami can cause severe damage and loss of life several thousand miles from the source of the earthquake. For example, Hilo, Hawaii has been devastated by earthquakes occurring along the Aleutian chain in Alaska, and along the subduction zone off the Chilean coast. One of the most devastating tsunamis experienced in Japan resulted from the 1960 Chilean earthquake. The magnitude (height) of tsunamis at particular locations is difficult to predict, so that the actual height may be much less than expected. Also, the effect of a tsunami of known height in causing damage to coastal structures is virtually unknown. Most of the research undertaken has been for specific sites: little generic research has been performed although these research topics are basic to the understanding of the coastal effect of tsunamis. Professor Raichlen is investigating these subjects both analytically and experimentally. These pioneering studies are expected to contribute significantly to the understanding of the coastal effect of tsunamis.

这项研究计划正在调查海啸(地震海浪)对海岸的影响，包括对沿海地区的淹没以及陆上水流与已建设施的相互作用。大多数海啸是由地震引起的海底隆起或水下滑坡引起的。与地震不同，海啸可以在距离震源数千英里的地方造成严重的破坏和生命损失。例如，沿着阿拉斯加阿留申山脉和智利海岸外俯冲带发生的地震已经摧毁了夏威夷的希洛。1960年智利地震引发了日本最具破坏性的海啸之一。海啸在特定地点的震级(高度)很难预测，因此实际高度可能远低于预期。此外，已知高度的海啸对沿海建筑物造成破坏的影响几乎是未知的。大多数研究都是针对特定地点进行的：很少进行一般性研究，尽管这些研究主题对于理解海啸的沿海影响是基本的。雷希伦教授正在对这些课题进行分析和实验研究。这些开创性的研究预计将大大有助于理解海啸的沿海影响。