Cooperative Research: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

这一行动为一个侧重于减轻海啸沿岸灾害具体方面的小组研究项目提供支持。减轻海啸海岸灾害，首先要提高海啸淹没区的识别能力。最近，美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）启动了一项综合计划，以估计太平洋沿岸各州（加利福尼亚州、俄勒冈州、华盛顿州、阿拉斯加州和夏威夷州；http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/time/）的潜在淹没区。减灾战略的下一个层次是减少海啸淹没区内的生命损失和财产损失，具体办法是详细考虑上升过程：水流模式、诱导力、碎片和漂浮物的影响及其对改进滨水结构设计和有关土地使用决策的影响。五个主要目标是：了解与海啸上升有关的基本湍流现象及其对海啸对建筑物和冲刷的影响；提高海啸预报模型的预报能力，更准确地考虑弥散和波浪破碎的影响；在与建筑物、树木和其他典型的复杂海岸特征（如沙丘、土堤和河流入口）相互作用的背景下，找到一种实用的方法来描述复杂的径流；制定基准问题及其解决办法，以验证数值模型并确定在减少海啸危害方面不同应用的不同近似是否适当；针对四个相互关联的问题制定方案：单个和多个结构（矩形和圆柱形）、多孔介质、导弹/碎片撞击和冲刷。该项目涉及来自康奈尔大学、南卫理公会大学、南加州大学、华盛顿大学、西雅图GeoEngineers公司的研究人员，以及哈佛大学的一位名誉教授。此外，它还包括与日本公共工程研究所（PWRI）的研究人员合作，利用PWRI庞大而独特的实验设施，研究海啸爆发期间的冲刷。

This action provides support fora group research project focusing on specific aspects of tsunami coastal hazards mitigation. To mitigate tsunami coastal hazards, the first priority is to improve the identification of the tsunami-inundation zone. Recently, NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) has launched a comprehensive program to estimate potential inundation zones along the coastal areas of the Pacific States (California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii; http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/time/). The next level of mitigation strategy is to reduce loss of life and property damage within the tsunami inundation zones by considering the runup process in detail: flow patterns, induced forces, the impact of debris and floating objects, and their implication for improved design of waterfront structures and decisions concerning land use.The five primary objectives are to:Understand the fundamental turbulence phenomena associated with tsunami runup and its effects on tsunami forces on structures and scouring;Improve the prediction capability of tsunami runup models, by more accurately including the effects of dispersion and wave breaking;Achieve a practical means of describing the complex runup flows within the context of their interactions with structures, trees and other typical complex coastal features (e.g. dunes, earthen dikes and river intlets);Develop benchmark problems and their solutions for validating numerical models and for determining the adequacy of different approximations for different applications in tsunami hazard reduction;Develop scenarios focusing on four interrelated issues: single and multiple structures (rectangular and cylindrical forms), porous media, missiles/debris impacts, and scouring.The project involves researchers from Cornell University, Southern Methodist University, the University of Southern California, the University of Washington, GeoEngineers, Inc., Seattle, and a Professor Emeritus from Harvard University. In addition, it includes collaboration on scouring during tsunami runup with researchers at Japan's Public Works Research Institute (PWRI), using PWRI's large and unique experimental facility.