Cooperative Research: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

这一行动为一个侧重于减轻海啸沿海灾害的具体方面的小组研究项目提供了支持。为减轻海啸沿海危害，首要任务是改进对海啸淹没区域的识别。最近，美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)启动了一项综合计划，以评估太平洋各州(加利福尼亚州、俄勒冈州、华盛顿州、阿拉斯加州和夏威夷)沿海地区的潜在洪泛区；http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/time/).下一阶段的缓解战略是通过详细考虑上升过程来减少海啸淹没区域内的生命和财产损失：水流模式、诱导力、碎片和漂浮物的影响及其对改进海滨结构设计和土地利用决策的影响。五个主要目标是：了解与海啸上升相关的基本湍流现象及其对海啸对建筑物和冲刷的影响；通过更准确地包括扩散和波浪破碎的影响，提高海啸上升模型的预测能力；在与建筑物、树木和其他典型的复杂沿海地物(如沙丘、土堤和河口)相互作用的背景下，实现一种实际手段来描述复杂的梯级流；制定基准问题及其解决办法，以验证数值模型，并确定不同近似在减少海啸灾害方面的不同应用的充分性；该项目涉及来自康奈尔大学、南方卫理公会大学、南加州大学、华盛顿大学地球工程公司、西雅图地球工程师公司的研究人员和哈佛大学的一名名誉教授。此外，它还包括与日本公共工程研究所(PWRI)的研究人员合作，利用PWRI庞大而独特的实验设施，在海啸期间进行冲刷。

This action provides support fora group research project focusing on specific aspects of tsunami coastal hazards mitigation. To mitigate tsunami coastal hazards, the first priority is to improve the identification of the tsunami-inundation zone. Recently, NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) has launched a comprehensive program to estimate potential inundation zones along the coastal areas of the Pacific States (California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii; http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/time/). The next level of mitigation strategy is to reduce loss of life and property damage within the tsunami inundation zones by considering the runup process in detail: flow patterns, induced forces, the impact of debris and floating objects, and their implication for improved design of waterfront structures and decisions concerning land use.The five primary objectives are to:Understand the fundamental turbulence phenomena associated with tsunami runup and its effects on tsunami forces on structures and scouring;Improve the prediction capability of tsunami runup models, by more accurately including the effects of dispersion and wave breaking;Achieve a practical means of describing the complex runup flows within the context of their interactions with structures, trees and other typical complex coastal features (e.g. dunes, earthen dikes and river intlets);Develop benchmark problems and their solutions for validating numerical models and for determining the adequacy of different approximations for different applications in tsunami hazard reduction;Develop scenarios focusing on four interrelated issues: single and multiple structures (rectangular and cylindrical forms), porous media, missiles/debris impacts, and scouring.The project involves researchers from Cornell University, Southern Methodist University, the University of Southern California, the University of Washington, GeoEngineers, Inc., Seattle, and a Professor Emeritus from Harvard University. In addition, it includes collaboration on scouring during tsunami runup with researchers at Japan's Public Works Research Institute (PWRI), using PWRI's large and unique experimental facility.