Cognitive Causes of Emotion

人们普遍认为， 情感和认知之间的联系 情绪状态，我们的感受 以及我们感受背后的强度，可以增强或削弱 判断和表现;认知，我们认为，通常 在情绪的产生和维持中起着重要作用 states. 尽管如此，人们对它的了解仍然相对较少。 认知影响情绪的特殊方式。 本研究 将测试关于认知过程如何触发 情绪并增强其强度。 本研究的目的是系统地了解 认知对情绪的影响 一间附属公司 目标是确定这种帐户的不同情绪 应该覆盖。 初步研究的目的是将 不同的情绪状态转化为相同的情绪状态 情感类型 初步迹象表明，结果将是一个 一组大约20种不同的情绪状态，其中许多都有 与他们有着密切联系的众多盟国。 使用这些不同的情绪类型的实验将确定 是否已经报告的实验结论 文献需要资格时，所使用的刺激是已知的， 代表着真实的情感 一旦这些不同的情绪类型被识别出来，它们将被 用于检测认知对情绪的影响。 一 许多研究将探讨这一问题，大多数旨在测试 从一个特定的理论中得出的特定假设， 指定了引发每一种行为所需的认知条件， 不同的情绪和因素，使每一种情绪温和或 强度（强度变量）。 大量实验 我将研究情绪和他们的强度变量使用几个 不同的方法，包括操纵信息 关于故事中的人物（假设的情感）， 对最近个人经历的反应的评估 （回顾情绪），以及情绪的直接诱导 通过催眠、电脑游戏和电视体育赛事 （并发情绪）。 虽然这项研究是基础和非临床的性质， 对临床工作的影响， 损害人们在世界上的功能。 它也有 对人群控制等非临床问题的影响， 例如，英国足球迷，以及控制情绪输入， 重大政治决策。

It is generally recognized that there is a profound interaction between emotion and cognition. Emotional states, what we feel and the intensity behind what we feel, can enhance and impair judgment and performance; cognitions, what we think, typically play a major role in the generation and maintenance of emotional states. Nevertheless, relatively little is still known about the specific way in which cognition affects emotions. This research will test new hypotheses about how cognitive processes trigger emotions and amplify their intensity. The goal of this research is to develop a systematic account of the way in which cognition contributes to emotion. A subsidiary goal is to determine the distinct emotions that such an account should cover. Preliminary research will be aimed at classifying different specific emotional states into those of the same emotion type. Initial indications are that the result will be a set of about twenty different emotion states, many of which have large numbers of closely allied states associated with them. Experiments using these distinct emotion types will determine whether the conclusions of experiments already reported in the literature need qualification when the stimuli used are known to represent genuine emotions. Once these distinct emotion types are identified, they will be used for examining the influence of cognition on emotion. A number of studies will examine this issue, most designed to test specific hypotheses derived from a particular theory that specifies both the cognitive conditions necessary to elicit each distinct emotion and the factors that make each emotion mild or intense (their intensity variables). A number of experiments will study emotions and their intensity variables using several different methods, including the manipulation of information about characters in stories (hypothetical emotions), the assessment of reactions to recent personal experiences (retrospective emotions), and the direct induction of emotions through hypnosis, computer games, and televised sports events (concurrent emotions). Though this research is basic and non-clinical in nature, it has implications for clinical work with patients in which emotions impair people's functioning in the world. It also has implications for such non-clinical issues as crowd control, for example, British soccer fans, and control of emotional input to important political decisions.