Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena and Charge Fluctuations in Submicron Superconductor Devices

实验将由货车哈林根教授进行， 确定超小面积隧道结中的噪声源， 约瑟夫森超导器件中的宏观量子动力学。 超导体器件具有重要的功能， 用于研究的灵敏探测器和放大器。 同样 重要的是，超导器件和薄膜结构已经 被证明是有价值的测试系统，用于研究广泛的 凝聚态系统中的重要物理现象 包括量子效应、局域化、非线性动力学、 混沌、相变和波动。 中的两个问题 特别是将研究，离散电荷捕获 波动是低频噪声的主要来源， 将允许调查的动力学和相互作用， 非晶材料中的局部缺陷陷阱和量子 宏观系统的动力学，研究将包括 耗散对量子态演化的影响 量子力学和量子测量理论的有效性 复杂的物理系统。

Experiments will be carried out by Professor Van Harlingen to determine noise sources in ultrasmall area tunnel junctions and macroscopic quantum dynamics in Josephson superconductor devices. Superconductor devices have served important functions as sensitive detectors and amplifiers for research. Equally important, superconductor devices and thin film structures have proven to be valuable test systems for studying a wide range of important physical phenomena in condensed matter systems including quantum effects, localization, non-linear dynamics, chaos, phase transitions, and fluctuations. Two problems in particular will be studied, discreet charge trapping fluctuations, which are a major source of low frequency noise and will allow investigation of the kinetics and interactions of localized defect traps in amorphous materials, and quantum dynamics of macroscopic systems, which study will encompass the effect of dissipation on the evolution of quantum states and the validity of quantum mechanics and quantum measurement theory to complex physical systems.