Dissertation Research: Visual Scanning During Information Processing in Infancy

论文研究：婴儿期信息处理过程中的视觉扫描

• 批准号: 8812471
• 负责人: Louise Hainline
• 金额: $ 0.37万
• 依托单位: CUNY Brooklyn College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-09-01 至 1990-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8812471&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Visual; Scanning; During

When a person looks at a visual stimulus, all the information in the scene is not taken in in one glance. Rather, the person scans the visual scene in a series of "snapshots" (individual pauses or fixations of the eye), while sequentially collecting the information from which the brain constructs a unified experience of the world. How this scanning takes place depends, to some extent, on what the person already knows, and how sophisticated the person is cognitively. But how does a baby, whose visual system is immature and who has neither extensive experience in the world nor highly developed mental abilities, scan the world? Can the way in which babies look at visual stimuli be used as a way to understand their mental processes? This research will explore the relationship between visual scanning and information processing during infancy. Babies will be shown one pattern repeatedly, until their interest in this stimulus wanes (a process called "habituation"). Each baby's pattern of scanning eye movements and fixations during the habituation process will be recorded using specialized television equipment. The baby will then be shown a new pattern, different from the first. Usually, if the new pattern is distinctive enough, the baby's attention to the new stimulus increases again, in a process termed "dishabituation". This research will examine the details of visual scanning during habituation and dishabituation to see whether differences in scanning across phases of the experiment reveal the expectations that the babies have developed about what they are looking at. The results of the research will contribute to our knowledge of how babies learn about the world around them.

当一个人看到视觉刺激时， 这景色不是一眼就能看清楚的。 相反， 以一系列“快照”（单个 眼睛的停顿或注视），同时顺序地收集 大脑从中构建一个统一的 世界的经验。 如何进行扫描取决于， 在某种程度上，取决于这个人已经知道了什么，以及如何知道。 这个人的认知能力很复杂。 但是一个婴儿， 他们的视觉系统不成熟， 也没有高度发达的心智能力， 扫描世界？ 婴儿看视觉的方式 刺激被用来理解他们的心理过程？ 本研究将探讨视觉与 婴儿期的扫描和信息处理。 婴儿将 重复地展示一种模式，直到他们对这种模式感兴趣。 刺激减弱（称为“习惯化”的过程）。 每个宝宝的 扫描眼球运动和注视的模式 习惯化过程将使用专门的电视记录下来 设备. 然后婴儿会看到一种新的模式， 从一开始 通常，如果新的模式是独特的 足够了，婴儿对新刺激的注意力又增加了， 在一个被称为“disabituation”的过程。 本研究将探讨 习惯化过程中视觉扫描的细节， disabituation看看是否有差异，在扫描跨 实验的各个阶段揭示了婴儿们的期望， 已经发展出了他们所看到的东西。 的结果 这项研究将有助于我们了解婴儿是如何学习 关于他们周围的世界。