Dissertation Research: Quantitative Genetics of a Parasitic Wasp

论文研究：寄生黄蜂的定量遗传学

• 批准号: 8815356
• 负责人: Daniel Simberloff
• 金额: $ 0.25万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-12-15 至 1990-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8815356&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Quantitative; Genetics; Parasitic

In most species, the numbers of sons and daughters are equal, and this 1:1 sex ratio is found generally in animals with large, randomly mating populations. Even sex ratios are a consequence of chromosomal sex determination (e.g. mammals, in which females are XX and males are XY). In animals with this kind of sex determination, there is little or no genetic variation for sex ratio. In Hymenoptera (bees, ants and wasps), however, sex is not determined in this way; female offspring arise from fertilized eggs, and males arise from unfertilized eggs. Sex ratios that regularly differ from 1:1 are found in parasitic wasps. The hosts of parasitic wasps are distributed in patches, so mating among the offspring from a patch is not random. When mating is not random throughout a population, there is no reason to produce more sons than are necessary to inseminate all the females, so the theoretically expected sex ratio is female-biased. Furthermore, theory predicts that there will be little genetic variation in sex ratio even when sex ratio is female-biased. Despite theoretical predictions, genetic variation in sex ratio has been demonstrated in a number of parasitic wasps. Muscidifurax raptor is a wasp that attacks the pupae of various fly species. It is used for biological control of houseflies and stableflies at poultry farms and cattle feedlots. The investigators will conduct a series of experiments that will describe the genetic variation in sex ratio and related characters like lifetime fecundity, longevity, and survival of offspring. Mechanisms that could maintain genetic variation for sex ratio will also be examined. This research also has applications for biological control because it will point out how artificial selection for sex ratio will affect other traits, and determine whether favored traits are expressed equally in all environments.

在大多数物种中，儿子和女儿的数量是 平等，这种1：1的性别比例通常在动物中发现， 大量随机交配的种群 甚至性别比例也是一个 染色体性别决定的结果（例如哺乳动物， 其中女性是XX，男性是XY）。 在动物身上 一种性别决定，很少或根本没有遗传 性别比例的变化。 在Hyattera（蜜蜂、蚂蚁和黄蜂）中， 然而，性别不是这样决定的;雌性后代 来自受精卵，雄性来自未受精的 鸡蛋 性别比例通常不同于1：1， 寄生蜂 寄生蜂的寄主分布在 而在一个小圈子里，小圈子里的小圈子里的小圈子， 随机 当交配在整个种群中不是随机的时， 没有理由生更多的儿子， 让所有雌性受精，所以理论上预期的性别 比例偏女性。 此外，理论预测， 在性别比例上几乎没有遗传变异， 是女性偏见 尽管有理论上的预测， 在许多寄生蜂中已经证明了这种比率。 Muscidifurax raptor是一种黄蜂，攻击各种 苍蝇种类 它用于家蝇的生物防治， 家禽农场和牛饲养场的马蝇。 的 研究人员将进行一系列实验， 描述性别比例和相关的遗传变异 像终生生殖力，长寿，和生存的特点， 后代 可以维持遗传变异的机制， 性别比例亦会被检视。 这项研究也有 生物控制的应用，因为它将指出如何 性比的人工选择会影响其他性状，并且 确定是否有利的特点是平等地表达在所有 环境.