Recovery of Viewer-Centered and Object-Centered Depth from 2-D Projections

视觉环境是三维的，但我们的信息 是基于二维视网膜投影的 这 研究将调查两种类型的恢复过程 从二维图像得到三维关系。 的 第一种类型的处理恢复从眼睛到特征的距离 环境中。 本研究将探讨两个例子， 这种类型的过程：立体视觉和运动视差 (the物体在视网膜中移动得更快， 投影更接近眼睛）。 第二类型的过程 恢复对象之间的三维关系， 环境独立于眼睛的距离。 “结构─ 从运动”是这种类型的过程的例子， 考虑了 基于运动恢复结构的感知 对象之间的三维关系直接从 物体的相对运动，仅假设物体 都是刚性运动或匀速运动。 信息 与眼睛的三维距离以及关于 必须整合对象之间的三维关系 提供一个完整的三维感知 环境 初步研究表明，结构- 自运动便于立体信息的使用。 一 一系列的五个实验将检验这一点的基础 便利化 初步观察还表明， 投射在眼睛上的类似的相对运动可能导致 不同的三维感知，这取决于 运动视差分析（基于距离的投影速度 从眼睛）或运动恢复结构分析（速度 仅基于对象之间的关系）由 观察者 三个实验将检查的条件， 确定适用这些替代解释中的哪一种 人类观察者。 了解不同类型的 用于感知三维关系的信息 二维图像的组合与这种 问题是：缺乏立体视觉的人在测试时， 当运动时，静态显示器显示立体能力 被添加到显示器，以及如何应该三维 环境可以用人工显示器来表示， 精确的观察者反应，如飞行模拟器显示 和飞机显示器，代表虚拟环境？

The visual environment is three-dimensional, but our information about it is based on two-dimensional retinal projections. This research will investigate two types of processes for recovering three-dimensional relationships from two-dimensional images. The first type of process recovers distances from the eye to features in the environment. The research will examine two examples of this type of process: stereoscopic vision and motion parallax (the perception that objects moving faster in the retinal projection are closer to the eye). The second type of process recovers three-dimensional relationships among objects in the environment independently of distances from the eye. "Structure- from-motion" is the example of this type of process that will be considered. Perceptions based on structure-from-motion recover three-dimensional relationships among objects directly from the relative motions of the objects, assuming only that the objects are moving rigidly or at constant speeds. Information about three-dimensional distances from the eye and information about three-dimensional relationships among objects must be integrated to provide a complete perception of the three-dimensional environment. Preliminary research has shown that structure- from-motion facilitates the use of stereoscopic information. A series of five experiments will examine the basis for this facilitation. Preliminary observations have also indicated that similar relative motions projected at the eye may lead to different three-dimensional perceptions, depending on whether a motion parallax analysis (projected velocities based on distance from the eye) or a structure-from-motion analysis (velocities based only on relationships among objects) is applied by the observer. Three experiments will examine the conditions that determine which of these alternative interpretations is applied by human observers. An understanding of how different types of information for perceiving three-dimensional relationships from two-dimensional images are combined has relevance to such questions as: Can people lacking stereoscopic vision when tested with static displays demonstrate stereoscopic ability when motion is added to the displays, and how should the three-dimensional environment be represented in artificial displays requiring accurate observer responses, such as flight simulator displays and aircraft displays that represent the virtual environment?