Recovery of Viewer-Centered and Object-Centered Depth from 2-D Projections

在视觉的基础上感知三维环境 投射到双眼视网膜上的二维图像 需要集成不同的深度信息源。 本项目将研究两种类型的深度的整合 信息，即，以观众为中心的信息，提供 观察者和物体之间的相对距离 环境和以对象为中心的信息， 外部场景内的相对距离，与观察者无关 位置. 将研究的以观察者为中心的信息 将包括双眼视差（物体的 投射到两眼视网膜上， 与观察者的相对距离）和运动视差 （投射到眼睛上的速度变化作为函数 与观察者的距离）。 以对象为中心的信息 主要的兴趣是从运动中恢复结构（使用变化 投影中的距离以恢复要素之间的距离 在一个三维物体上，在刚性的假设下， 运动）。 一系列的实验将研究如何感知 物体的三维形状是由 将视网膜图像中的运动分割成以观察者为中心的 和以对象为中心的组件（运动视差和结构从- 运动）。 第二个系列的实验将检查整合 从以物体为中心的信息恢复到一个观察者的形状- 三维环境的居中表示。 一 第三组实验将研究 物体的形状和方向， 指示缺乏深度的信息被添加到三个- 立体场景 第四组实验将确定 一个物体上的最小可见特征数， 从以观察者为中心的信息的组合检测表面 （双眼视差）和以对象为中心的信息（结构- from-motion）。 这项研究的目的是了解如何 不同类型的深度信息被组合以提供 对三维环境的综合感知。 这 与优化人类表现等问题有关， 实际三维环境中的物体识别， 设计人造三维显示器，包括显示器 用于飞行模拟器和飞机显示器， 虚拟环境

Perceiving the three-dimensional environment on the basis of the two-dimensional images projected onto the retinas of the two eyes requires integration of different sources of depth information. This project will examine the integration of two types of depth information, i.e., viewer-centered information, which provides relative distances between an observer and objects in the environment, and object-centered information, which provides relative distances within an external scene, independent of viewer location. The viewer-centered information that will be studied will include binocular disparity (differences in the object's projection onto the retinas of the two eyes as a function of relative distances from the observer) and motion parallax (variations in the velocities projected onto the eye as a function of distance from the observer). The object-centered information of primary interest is structure-from-motion (use of changing distances in the projection to recover distances between features on a three-dimensional object, under an assumption of rigid motion). One series of experiments will examine how the perceived three-dimensional shapes of objects are determined by the partitioning of motion in the retinal images into viewer-centered and object-centered components (motion parallax and structure-from- motion). A second series of experiments will examine integration of shape recovered from object-centered information into a viewer- centered representation of the three-dimensional environment. A third series of experiments will examine the changes in the perceived shapes and orientations of objects that occurs when information indicating lack of depth is added to a three- dimensional scene. A fourth series of experiments will determine the minimum number of visible features on an object needed to detect a surface from a combination of viewer-centered information (binocular disparity) and object-centered information (structure- from-motion). The objective of this research is to understand how different types of depth information are combined to provide an integrated perception of the three-dimensional environment. This has relevance for such issues as optimizing human performance in object recognition in actual three-dimensional environments and designing artificial three-dimensional displays, including displays for flight simulators and aircraft displays that represent the virtual environment.