Dissertation Research: Upper Paleolithic Subsistence Organization

论文研究：旧石器时代晚期的生存组织

• 批准号: 8821055
• 负责人: Lewis Binford
• 金额: $ 0.61万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-12-01 至 1991-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8821055&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Upper; Paleolithic; Subsistence

For his doctoral dissertation research, Mr. James Enloe will analyze faunal materials recovered from the archaeological sites of Pincevent and Verberie, both located in the Paris basin of northern France. Both sites are attributable to the Upper Paleolithic Magdalenian culture and date to approximately 12,000 years ago. Through meticulous excavation living floors have been exposed at each to reveal well preserved hearths and associated lithic and faunal remains. Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, make up more than 95 percent of the bones identified at each site. Mr. Enloe will inspect the bones for a wide range of attributes, including age and sex indications, breakage, cutmarks and a number of osteological measurements. These latter will serve as a first step in the refitting of individual carcasses. With these data, it will then be possible to determine whether the individual hearths were used contemporaneously (presumably by different families) and to reconstruct meat sharing patterns between them. It will also be possible to reconstruct hunting and butchering patterns. The study of recent and extant hunting and gathering societies has demonstrated that traditional groups employ a number of strategies to buffer against short term spatial and temporal variation in resource availability. These include sharing between social units and development of storage facilities. Although archaeologists have argued about the antiquity of these strategies and how they developed over time, no consensus exists. Mr. Enloe's analysis of the data from Pincevent and Verberie should contribute to a resolution. In a preliminary study Mr. Enloe has developed a refitting technique which allows bones from the same animal to be thus identified. It will be further refined in this current project. Because this technique can potentially be employed in a wide range of situations it will be used by a number of archaeologists. Thus the significance of Mr. Enloe's research extends beyond a single case study.

在他的博士论文研究中，詹姆斯·恩洛先生将分析从位于法国北部巴黎盆地的平塞文特和韦尔贝里考古遗址中回收的动物材料。 这两处遗址均属于旧石器时代晚期马格达林文化，可追溯到大约 12,000 年前。 通过细致的挖掘，每个房间的生活地板都暴露出来，露出保存完好的壁炉以及相关的石器和动物遗骸。 每个地点发现的骨头中 95% 以上是驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus）。 恩洛先生将检查骨头的各种属性，包括年龄和性别迹象、破损、切割痕迹和一些骨学测量。 后者将作为个体尸体改装的第一步。 有了这些数据，就可以确定各个炉灶是否同时使用（可能是不同的家庭），并重建它们之间的肉类共享模式。 重建狩猎和屠宰模式也是可能的。 对近期和现存狩猎采集社会的研究表明，传统群体采用多种策略来缓冲资源可用性的短期时空变化。 其中包括社会单位之间的共享和存储设施的开发。 尽管考古学家对这些策略的古老性以及它们如何随着时间的推移而发展存在争论，但尚未达成共识。 Enloe 先生对 Pincevent 和 Verberie 数据的分析应该有助于解决问题。 在一项初步研究中，恩洛先生开发了一种改装技术，可以识别来自同一动物的骨头。 它将在当前的项目中进一步完善。 由于这种技术可以在广泛的情况下使用，因此将被许多考古学家使用。 因此，恩洛先生研究的意义超出了单一案例研究的范畴。