Precision Full Disk Solar Photometry

最近对太阳的精密测光观测 表明它是一颗变星星星。 卫星观测 综合太阳光和地基太阳临边测光 表明，在太阳活动期间， 太阳黑子越多，太阳就越亮。 地面- 基于测光表明，纬度有效表面 太阳的温度分布在一个太阳周期内变化， 并且这种变化不被随时间变化的通量所解释 太阳黑子和普通光斑的盈亏。 太阳光度如何影响地球气候？ 越来越多的统计数据表明，一些地方的措施， 天气与太阳活动有关。 因为我们刚刚 注意到太阳活动（即，太阳黑子数）相关 随着太阳通量的增加，推测一些 天气变化是由小的通量变化引起的。 的 蒙德极小期是太阳黑子很少的时期， 较小的太阳通量，与一段较冷的平均时间相一致 欧洲大部分地区的气温。 这里资助的项目将1）扩展精确肢体 光度测量到磁盘中心与可比的 精度和更高的空间分辨率，2）测量太阳能 光斑、黑子和背景热的周期变化 近太阳时期两年的通量贡献 最大. 总体目标是阐明太阳能背后的机制， 光度变化，并将其与太阳活动联系起来。 它 也许就有可能重建太阳的变化， 并将其与气候变化联系起来。

Recent precision photometric observations of the sun have shown it to be a variable star. Satellite observations of integrated sunlight, and ground-based solar limb photometry suggest that the luminosity varies by about 0.1% during a solar cycle, being brighter when there are more sunspots. The ground- based photometry suggests that the latitudinal effective surface temperature distribution of the sun varies over a solar cycle, and this change is not accounted for by the time dependent flux excess and deficit of sunspots and ordinary faculae. How does the solar luminosity affect terrestrial climate? There is growing statistical evidence that some local measures of weather are correlated with solar activity. Since we have just noted that solar activity (i.e., sunspot number) is correlated with the solar flux, it is appealing to speculate that some weather variations are caused by the small flux changes. The Maunder minimum, a time of few sunspots and thus perhaps a smaller solar flux, was coincident with a period of colder mean temperatures in much of Europe. The program funded here will 1) extend the precision limb photometry measurements to disk center with the comparable precision and higher spatial resolution, 2) measure the solar cycle variation of the faculae, sunspot, and background thermal flux contributions for two years during a period near solar maximum. The overall aim is to elucidate the mechanism behind solar luminosity variations and relate these to solar activity. It might then be possible to reconstruct solar variability over recent history and relate that to climate change.