Multiple Pathways Regulate Na+-H+ Antiporter in the Sea Urchin Egg and Early Embryo

钙离子和质子这两种离子的变化在 受精增加钙活性和减少质子 活动是孤雌生殖，而抑制正常的 受精过程中的变化阻碍了发育。过去的研究 已经证明了第二信使途径的启动， 鸡蛋中磷脂酰肌醇4，5-二磷酸的水解 膜，类似于哺乳动物细胞中所建议的 增殖离子通量控制的进一步分析 表明了另一种调节途径， 是独立的肌醇脂质水解。拟议 研究的目的是确定这种 替代调节途径。注意力集中在 可能的钙-钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶调节。 有丝分裂原离子流的多种调控途径 还报道了刺激的哺乳动物细胞增殖。 一组重要的不需要肌醇脂质的促分裂原 水解具有酪氨酸激酶活性受体。 磷酸化-去磷酸化已被认为是一种 重要的细胞调节机制。的稳定状态 蛋白质的磷酸化依赖于激酶， 磷酸酶活性的蛋白质。酪氨酸 磷酸酶和磷酸酶抑制剂活性已经被 在海胆卵中测量。可能的监管行动 将进行调查。最后，一本小说 施肥的特点是酸室的形成。一 分离这些细胞器的程序被描述， 用于表征酸的形成 车厢 %%% 卵子的受精引发了一系列戏剧性的铅 静止的卵变得代谢非常活跃， 开始分裂。最早的变化是 细胞内钙离子和氢离子的活动。这 研究的目的是调查这些变化，并将类似的 已知参与调节细胞分裂的变化， 哺乳动物细胞

The changes of two ions, calcium and proton, are of importance in fertilization . Increasing calcium activity and decreasing proton activity are parthenogenetic, while suppression of the normal changes during fertilization blocks development. Past research has demonstrated a second messenger pathway initiated with hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the egg membrane, similar to that suggested during mammalian cell proliferation. Further analysis of the control of ion fluxes during fertilization suggests another regulatory pathway, which is independent of inositol lipid hydrolysis. The proposed research is directed towards the identification of this alternative regulatory pathway. Attention is focused towards possible calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase regulation. Multiple regulatory pathways on ionic fluxes during mitogen stimulated mammalian cell proliferation have also been reported. An important group of mitogen that do not require inositol lipid hydrolysis have receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation has been recognized as an important cellular regulatory mechanism. The steady state of phosphorylation of a protein depends upon the kinase and phosphatase activities specific for the protein. Tyrosine phosphatase and phosphatase inhibitor activities have been measured in the sea urchin egg. Their possible regulatory actions during fertilization will be investigated. Finally, a novel feature of fertilization is the formation of acid compartments. A procedure to isolate these organelles is described and is utilized for characterizing the formation of the acid compartment. %%% Fertilization of the egg initiates a dramatic series of that lead to the quiescent egg becoming metabolically very active and its beginning to divide. Among the earliest changes are changes in the intracellular activities of calcium and hydrogen ions. This study is to investigate these changes and to relate similar changes known to be involved in regulating cell division in mammalian cells.