Physical Properties and Structural-Stratographic Variations of Frazil, Platlet and Congelation Sea Ice, Ross Sea, Antarctica

这个项目是一个机械和结构的检查 罗斯海的南极冰盖的性质， 目标是确定各种冰的地理变异性， 类型，在南极洲活动的变形过程 冰包，以及大规模的热力学和热交换 冰覆盖的南大洋的过程。 为该项目确定了四个具体目标： (1)血药浓度的测定 罗斯海浮冰群的海冰;（2）对 这些冰类型的盐度差异，以及对 盐度变化是否与冰的结构有关， 地层学;（3）粒度和形态的记录 冰和片状冰的变化及其与 盐度差异;（4）卤水调查 排除过程，以及盐是如何从海冰中流失的。 冰的类型的差异是由于不同的 冰形成的环境; frazil冰形成于 过冷海水，通常通过风或波浪引起 湍流，而血小板和血小板形成下 静态条件。 冰的一部分（已经被 在威德尔海冰中， 絮凝物）是上层沉积物能量收支的重要变量 海洋，并有助于我们理解的再分配， 盐、沉积物和海洋中的微生物， 提高对微波和合成孔径理解 新一代的海冰雷达图像， 极地轨道卫星

This project is an examination of the mechanical and structural properties of the antarctic ice pack in the Ross Sea, with the goal of defining the geographical variability of various ice types, the deformation processes that are active in the antarctic ice pack, and the large-scale thermodynamics and heat exchange processes of the ice-covered Southern Ocean. Four specific objectives have been defined for this project: (1) A determination of the fraction of frazil, platelet, and congelation ice of the Ross Sea pack ice; (2) an examination of differences in the salinities of these ice types, and a study of whether salinity variations are related to ice structure and stratigraphy; (3) a documentation of grain size and morphology variations in frazil and platelet ice and their relation to salinity differences; and (4) an investigation of the brine exclusion process, and how salt is lost from the sea ice. Differences in ice types are the result of differences in the environment in which the ice forms; frazil ice is formed in supercooled sea water, normally through wind or wave-induced turbulence, while platelet and congelation ice is formed under quiescent conditions. The fraction of frazil ice (which has been observed to be generally in excess of 50% in Weddell Sea ice floes) is an important variable in the energy budget of the upper ocean, and contributes to our understanding of the redistribution of salt, sediment, and micro-organisms in the ocean, and will improve our understanding of microwave and synthetic aperture radar images of sea ice to be obtained form a new generation of polar orbiting satellites.