Fine Scale Remote Sensing of Clouds Using Millimeter Wave Radars

使用毫米波雷达对云进行精细遥感

• 批准号: 8922632
• 负责人: Gabor Vali
• 金额: $ 44.34万
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-04-01 至 1994-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8922632&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Fine; Scale; Remote; Sensing; Clouds

This award is part of a collaborative project among Professor McIntosh of the University of Massachusetts (Amherst), Professor Vali of the University of Wyoming (Laramie), and Professor Gogineni of the University of Kansas (Lawrence). The objective is to study fine-scale structure of clouds using millimeter-wave radars. Historically, cloud structures and dynamics have been probed at two widely separate resolutions. On the one hand, airborne microphysical probes, such as the widely used laser optical probes, have volume resolution of the order of 1.E-4 to 1.E-2 m3 for 1-second samples. On the other hand, ground-based research radars at wavelengths greater than 1 cm typically have volume resolution of the order of 1.E4 to 1.E7 m3. However, some important processes in cloud evolution lie between these two resolution categories; these include ice formation, entrainment, in-cloud mixing, and initiation of coalescence. The development of depolyment of millimeter-wave radars supported by this award will allow scientists to better understand these fine-scale processes with appropriate tools. During the first half of this project, the Principal Investigators will conduct ground-based experiments at the UWyoming Elk Mountain Observatory and examine the radar backscatter data from ice crystals of known shape, size and habitats at 35, 95 and 215 GHz. During the second half of this project, the UMass fully polarimetric 95 GHz radar will be installed in the NCAR King Air research aircraft; collaborating with NCAR scientists, the Principal Investigators will investigate how such a facility can serve the greater meteorology community.

该奖项是马萨诸塞大学（阿默斯特）的 McIntosh 教授、怀俄明大学（拉勒米）的 Vali 教授和堪萨斯大学（劳伦斯）的 Gogineni 教授（劳伦斯）合作项目的一部分。 目标是利用毫米波雷达研究云的精细尺度结构。 从历史上看，云结构和动力学一直以两种截然不同的分辨率进行探讨。 一方面，机载微物理探针，例如广泛使用的激光光学探针，对于1秒样品具有1.E-4至1.E-2 m3数量级的体积分辨率。 另一方面，波长大于 1 cm 的地面研究雷达通常具有 1.E4 至 1.E7 m3 量级的体积分辨率。 然而，云演化中的一些重要过程介于这两个分辨率类别之间；这些包括冰的形成、夹带、云内混合和聚结的引发。 该奖项支持的毫米波雷达部署开发将使科学家能够利用适当的工具更好地理解这些精细过程。 在该项目的前半部分，主要研究人员将在怀俄明大学麋鹿山天文台进行地面实验，并检查 35、95 和 215 GHz 已知形状、大小和栖息地的冰晶的雷达反向散射数据。 在该项目的下半年，麻省大学全极化 95 GHz 雷达将安装在 NCAR King Air 研究飞机上；首席研究员将与 NCAR 科学家合作，研究此类设施如何为更大的气象界服务。