Powering a community-scale DC grid to achieve zero emissions in remote areas

为社区规模的直流电网供电，实现偏远地区的零排放

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-03611
• 负责人: Ho, NgaiMan(Carl)
• 金额: $ 2.84万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=752120
• 关键词: Powering; community; scale; DC; grid

Canada is part of a global movement that has committed to reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. One way to reduce emissions is to produce electricity using Renewable Energy Sources (RES) like solar, rather than fossil fuels. This is particularly relevant to communities in remote and developing areas, which rely on diesel to provide electricity and often have no access to the main grid due to the prohibitive costs of building transmission lines in remote locations. In Manitoba, 70% of the Indigenous population lives in the Northern part of the province, far from the main cities, and this has led to inequity in terms of energy access. An off-grid power system (PS) based on distributed RES, e.g. solar, and Energy Storage System (ESS) is an alternative solution to provide electric power for houses. However, the ESS capacity of a single house is limited which creates issues of energy availability. This limitation can be overcome by developing community-scale Microgrid (MG) infrastructures. To achieve this, houses could be inter-connected and connected to central RES and ESS, and smart control mechanisms can be employed to regulate the efficient use and stability of power in the MG. Direct Current (DC) distribution instead of conventional Alternating Current (AC) grid network would be used to avoid unnecessary losses in power conversion and transmission. There are challenges to the design and evaluation of a DC MG. Community-scale MGs must be isolated from house-scale Sub-MGs to avoid safety and noise issues. Power Electronics (PE) Transformers represent a solution for interfacing the DC grids. Similarly, efficient solar and ESS converters have to be designed that are compatible with a DC grid. Energy coordination within the community-scale DC MG requires advanced machine learning algorithms to maintain and predict energy availability within the grid. It is well-known that there is a large technology gap that lies between simulation and practical systems, as there are many non-ideal components in power apparatuses. A PE based Power-Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) platform can help to bridge the technical gap by providing a semi-physical system for evaluation of novel DC MG designs in a lab. A 10kW MG PHIL system will be constructed to run in a lab. The MG prototype will simulate a small-scale community PS which integrates RES, ESS and Sub-MGs in houses with a demonstration of the control capability of newly designed controllers. This innovative, small, efficient, practical and fully controllable MG demonstrator will support the transfer of these technologies to industry. The proposed program will train 12 HQP (4 PhD, 3 MSc and 5 BSc), who will gain practical experience with PE and PS. The proposed system will facilitate technology and business development for both real time simulator manufacturers and MG providers in Canada. Furthermore, it will help Canada achieve power equity for all citizens and still achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.

加拿大是一项全球运动的一部分，该运动已致力于到2050年到达零零温室气体的排放。减少排放的一种方法是使用可再生能源（RES）（例如太阳能而不是化石燃料）发电。这与偏远和发展中的社区尤其相关，这些社区依靠柴油来提供电力，并且由于偏远地区建筑传输线的高昂成本，通常无法进入主电网。在曼尼托巴省，有70％的土著人口居住在该省北部远离主要城市的北部，这导致了能源通行方面的不平等。基于分布式RES的离网电源系统（PS），例如太阳能和储能系统（ESS）是为房屋提供电力的替代解决方案。但是，单个房屋的ESS容量受到限制，从而引发了能源可用性问题。可以通过开发社区规模的微电网（MG）基础设施来克服这种限制。为了实现这一目标，可以将房屋相互连接并连接到中央区域和ESS，并且可以采用智能控制机制来规范MG中电力的有效使用和稳定性。直接电流（DC）分布而不是常规交流电流（AC）网格网络将用于避免电源转换和传输中不必要的损失。 DC MG的设计和评估面临挑战。必须将社区尺度的MG与房屋规模的子毫克隔离，以避免安全和噪音问题。电力电子（PE）变压器代表用于连接直流网格的解决方案。同样，必须设计与直流网格兼容的高效太阳能和ESS转换器。社区规模的DC MG内的能源协调需要先进的机器学习算法来维持和预测网格中的能源可用性。众所周知，在模拟和实用系统之间存在一个大技术差距，因为功率设备中有许多非理想组件。基于PE的电力软件（PHIL）平台可以通过提供半物理系统来评估实验室中新型DC MG设计，从而有助于弥合技术差距。将在实验室中构建一个10kW mg Phil系统。 MG原型将模拟一个小规模的社区PS，该PS在房屋中集成了RES，ESS和子MG，并证明了新设计的控制器的控制能力。这种创新，小型，高效，实用且完全可控制的MG演示者将支持将这些技术转移到行业。拟议的计划将培训12 HQP（4博士学位，3 MSC和5 BSC），他们将获得PE和PS的实践经验。拟议的系统将促进加拿大实时模拟器制造商和MG提供商的技术和业务开发。此外，它将有助于加拿大实现所有公民的权力平等，并在2050年之前达到零排放。