Basic and Applied Statistical Inference and Measurement

基础和应用统计推断和测量

• 批准号: 9001458
• 负责人: Joseph Gastwirth
• 金额: $ 5.75万
• 依托单位: George Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-08-01 至 1993-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9001458&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Basic; Applied; Statistical; Inference; Measurement

Over the last decade statistical data and inference have played an important role in establishing the basic facts used for public policy, e.g.estimating the prevalence of AIDS or HIV infection, determining the risk of cancer from occupational or environmental exposures, assessing changes in the income distribution and in the legal setting, e.g. tax assessment inequality. The purpose of this project is to study statistical problems arising in these contexts and to develop appropriate probability models and statistical methodology for their solution. Research on procedures for estimating the prevalence of a rare disease which preserve anonymity by combining individual samples into batches prior to testing is a major goal. These methods should enable health specialists to obtain the cooperation of the public as infected individuals and non- infected persons who are misclassified (false positive) will not be identified. Robust methods which lead to statistically valid inferences when several scientifically plausible models may underlie the data or when a few observations may be erroneous will continue to be emphasized. Recent legal decisions in the equal employment area have raised new questions concerning the measurement of discrimination. It is planned to investigate the statistical approaches used in Watson v. Fort Worth Bank and to examine the implications of the Ward's Cove case for more refined data and methods of analysis. Related problems arising in legal and economic applications, e.g. the analysis of group data, also will be investigated.

在过去十年中，统计数据和推断在确定用于公共政策的基本事实方面发挥了重要作用，例如，估计艾滋病或艾滋病毒感染的流行率，确定职业或环境暴露导致癌症的风险，评估收入分配和法律环境的变化，如纳税评估不平等。本项目的目的是研究在这些情况下出现的统计问题，并为解决这些问题制定适当的概率模型和统计方法。一个主要目标是研究评估一种罕见疾病流行率的程序，这种程序通过在检测前将单个样本组合成批次来保持匿名性。这些方法应使卫生专家能够获得公众的合作，因为被错误分类(假阳性)的感染者和非感染者将不会被识别。将继续强调，当几个科学上可信的模型可能构成数据的基础或几个观察结果可能是错误的时，能够产生统计上有效的推论的稳健方法将继续得到强调。最近关于平等就业领域的法律决定提出了有关歧视衡量的新问题。它计划调查沃森诉沃斯堡银行案中使用的统计方法，并检查沃德湾案件对更精细的数据和分析方法的影响。还将调查在法律和经济应用中出现的相关问题，例如对群体数据的分析。