Dynamics of International Environmental Cooperation

国际环保合作动态

• 批准号: 9010101
• 负责人: Peter Haas
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-09-01 至 1992-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9010101&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamics; International; Environmental; Cooperation

The resolution of international environmental conflict is currently an important topic in international relations and on the foreign policy agenda. This project aims at analyzing trends in the actual ways in which such problems are managed, with an aim toward generating policy relevant conclusions for improving the process and theoretical and analytic insights into the dynamics of international environmental diplomacy to contribute to our broader understanding of contemporary international relations. The research will consist of a focussed, comparative study of six different cases of environmental cooperation. The analysis will weigh the role of the balance of state power and availability of expertise and knowledge in explaining the substantive content and preconditions for cooperation for environmental protection. It will use interviews and archival research to identify the major dynamics in these cases. The substantive coverage will include efforts to control European acid rain, the protection of the North Sea, Mediterranean, Baltic Sea, the protection of the stratospheric ozone layer, and the Regional Seas Programme of the United Nations Environment Programme which includes 10 separate regions. Taken together these cases represent the entire universe of contemporary international environmental problems: those which confront all countries relatively equally (such as ozone), and those which are regionally based. Moreover it focuses on a variety of cases in which there are strong countries willing to lead negotiations (such as the United States in ozone), where there is a large number of relatively equally powerful countries all reluctant to lead, in which case alternative strategies for cooperation have to be uncovered (such as the Regional Seas Program and the North Sea). Finally, it covers cases in which scientific understanding is fairly complete and demonstrates the need for action (such as the Baltic and North Sea) contrasted with cases where the scientific basis for policy was absent (such as the early years of European acid rain and ozone). By considering all these dimensions of cases, the research effort will seek to offer general statements about the role of state power and generalized knowledge in shaping and driving international environmental cooperation. The project will identify the major dynamics by which collective environmental problems are resolved, along with policy relevant advice on how to improve the process through a more sophisticated recognition of types of diplomacy and international process appropriate to the management of environmental problems with different analytic properties.

国际环境冲突的解决是当今世界的一项重要任务。 国际关系和外交政策的重要议题 施政纲要的演讲 该项目旨在分析在实际方法中的趋势， 这些问题是如何管理的，目的是制定政策， 改进工艺的有关结论， 对国际环境动态的分析性见解 外交有助于我们更广泛地了解当代 国际关系 该研究将包括一个集中的，比较研究的六个 不同的环境合作案例。 分析将权衡 平衡国家权力和提供专门知识的作用 在解释实质性内容和前提条件方面的知识 在环境保护方面的合作。 它将使用采访 和档案研究，以确定这些案件的主要动态。 实质性的报道将包括努力控制欧洲酸 雨，保护北海，地中海，波罗的海， 保护平流层臭氧层和区域海洋 联合国环境规划署方案，其中包括10个 分开的区域。 这些案件加在一起代表了整个 当代国际环境问题： 相对平等地面对所有国家（如臭氧）， 这些都是区域性的。 此外，它还侧重于各种 在有强大国家愿意领导谈判的情况下， (such就像美国的臭氧层一样），那里有大量的 相对同等强大的国家都不愿意领导， 在这种情况下，必须找到合作的替代战略（如 区域海洋方案和北海）。 最后，它涵盖了 科学理解相当完整的案例 并表明需要采取行动（如波罗的海和北海） 与缺乏政策科学依据的情况形成对比 (such欧洲早期的酸雨和臭氧）。 通过 考虑到案件的所有这些方面，研究工作将 试图提供关于国家权力作用的一般性陈述， 塑造和推动国际化的综合知识 环境合作。 该项目将确定主要动力， 环境问题得到解决，同时沿着政策相关建议 如何通过更复杂的识别来改进这个过程， 外交和国际进程的类型， 管理环境问题的不同分析 特性.