Damage Analysis of Ground-Based and Elevated Tanks During the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake

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This is a post-event investigation project to learn engineering lessons from the Loma Prieta earthquake (October 1989). The Loma Prieta earthquake induced munerous incidents of damage to both ground-based and elevated tanks, and even to some of the retrofitted tanks. In particular, site amplification of long period ground motion components appears to be the cause of large amplitude sloshing and associated damage to tanks built on Bay Mud. In this project the data collected will be analyzed to evaluate the performance of tank structures. The tasks include: (1) collection of data and documentation of the damage sustained by ground-based water and petroleum storage tanks and by elevated water storage tanks, (2) calculation of the dynamic response of representative tanks and correlation of the computed response with observed damage or lack of damage, (3) study of the effects of site amplification of long period components on the sloshing phenomenon and on rocking motion of tanks founded on Bay Mud, (4) study of the damage to retrofitted tanks to deduce the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the implemented retrofit mechanisms, and (5) comparison of induced seismic forces with those specified by available codes and standards such as API 650, AWWA 100 and UBC. By comparison of the predicted response with actual behavior under earthquake loading, the analytical methods developed for response calculation of tanks will be refined and improved design procedures will be developed.