Pure Science, Applied Science, & Discipline Formation in theAmerican Context: Study of Three Pioneering Botanists in Ecology, Genetics in 20th Century

金格尔教授正在研究三位重要的 但相对被忽视的早期美国植物学家 世纪：丹尼尔T.麦克杜格尔，一个生理 生态学家;乔治H. Shull，遗传学家; Edward M.东部a 遗传学家 他们三人都是发展 进化生物学的实验方法 生态学和遗传学学科的形成。 虽然 位于不同的机构，他们的研究重叠， 几种方式。 有了这笔资助金， 通过研究“纯科学”与“应用科学”的关系 它们工作的经济和体制背景，特别是 他们的研究在环境管理中的应用 和农业 她还在考虑私人的作用 赞助人（卡内基研究所）在影响的方向， 世纪之交的研究。 她利用这个案子 研究，使农业和 美国实验生物学的创业背景 世纪早期。 这样做，他们也可以帮助我们 了解现代美国科学的形式和特征。

Professor Kingsland is examining the careers of three important but relatively neglected American botanists of the early twentieth century: Daniel T. MacDougal, a physiological ecologist; George H. Shull, a geneticist; and Edward M. East, a geneticist. All three were pioneers in the development of experimental approaches to evolutionary biology and in the formation of the disciplines of ecology and genetics. Though located at different institutions, their research overlapped in several ways. With this grant, Professor Kingsland is exploring the relationship between "pure" and "applied" science by studying the economic and institutional context of their work, especially the applications of their research to environmental management and agriculture. She is also considering the role of the private patron (the Carnegie Institution) in influencing the direction of research at the turn of the century. She is using these case studies to bring into clearer focus the agricultural and entrepreneurial context of American experimental biology in the early twentieth century. In so doing, they can also help us to understand the form and character of modern American science.