Non-Intrusive Diagnostics to Study Soot Formation

燃烧过程中最重要的过程之一是烟灰的形成和破坏。烟灰的浓度控制着火焰辐射的能量，从而控制着火焰的温度。烟灰破坏的有效性控制着燃烧装置的燃烧效率和环境可接受性。为了提供一种用于烟尘研究、开发并最终用于过程监测的仪器，该拟议项目将开发一种低成本（低于50,000美元）、便携式、多功能、非侵入式火焰诊断仪器，具有以下功能：1)利用傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）发射和透射（E/T）光谱数据的层析重建测量气体和烟尘的空间分辨浓度和温度均值。2)物种浓度和温度时间变化的空间分辨数据测量。第一阶段的目标是开发和验证FT-IR E/T断层扫描火焰的方法，该方法正在美国国家科学技术研究所（NIST）和通用汽车公司进行研究，其他技术的数据可用。这些数据将用于帮助确定烟灰形成和破坏的机制。在第二阶段，将发展光纤和多路复用技术，以同时获得多个视线，并将发展FT-IR湍流测量，以获得空间分辨数据。软件和硬件将用于在线、原位诊断仪器。该项目的成功完成将产生一种功能强大、坚固耐用的原位诊断仪器，能够在研发、制造或过程监控中测量多相反应介质的重要特性。应用包括工业燃气轮机，工业和住宅炉，公用事业锅炉，过程加热器，喷气发动机和柴油发动机的测量。

One of the most important processes in combustion is the formation and destruction of soot. The concentration of soot controls the energy radiated by the flame and hence the flame temperature. The effectiveness of soot destruction convrols the combustion efficiency and the environmental acceptability of the combustion device. To provide an instrument for soot research, development, and eventually for process monitoring, this proposed project would develop a low cost (under $50,000), portable, versatile, non-intrusive flame diagnostic instrument having the following capabilities: 1) Measurement of spatially resolved mean value of both concentration and temperature of gas species and soot by tomographic reconstruction of line-of-sight Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) emission and transmission (E/T) spectrographic data. 2) Measurements of spatially resolved data on the time variations of species concentration and temperature. The objective of Phase I is to develop and validate the method of FT-IR E/T tomography for flames being studied at the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and General Motors for which data from other techniques are available. These data would be used to help determine the mechanism for the formation and destruction of soot. In Phase II, fiber optics and multi-plexing would be developed for obtaining multiple lines-of-sight simultaneously and the FT-IR turbulence measurements would be developed to allow spatially resolved data to be obtained. Software and hardware would be developed for on-line, in-situ diagnostic instrumentation. The successful completion of this program will result in a powerful, rugged instrument for in-situ diagnostics capable of measuring important properties of multi-phase reacting mefia either in research and development, in manufacturing or as a process monitor. Applications include measurements in industrial gas turbines, industrial and residential furnaces, utility boilers, process heaters, jet engines and diesel engines.