Prehistoric Ecology and Behavior in the Western Cape Province, South Africa ,

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，理查德·克莱因和凯瑟琳·克鲁兹-乌里韦将研究从南非西开普省的两个遗址中挖掘出来的考古动物。虽然两者都可以追溯到欧洲人发现好望角之前的时期，而且相距只有70公里，但它们之间的考古遗迹差异很大。在Kasteelberg，家羊和陶器都很常见，而在Dune Field Midden遗址，陶器和家养动物都很罕见。克莱因博士和克鲁兹-乌里韦博士将把重点放在这两个地点丰富的动物遗骸上。他们将根据物种和身体部位识别这些，并将寻找屠宰痕迹和其他形式的改变。他们还将确定被杀动物的年龄，并在此基础上确定这些地点被占领的季节。所收集的数据还应阐明所实行的生存战略。欧洲人对南部非洲的最早记载表明，那里有两群人，一群人从事狩猎，另一群人过着田园生活。人类学家指出，目前尚不清楚这两个截然不同的“群体”实际上是分开的，还是代表着一种文化，在这种文化中，群体可能会根据季节从一种生活方式转换到另一种生活方式。通过对两个地点的分析，这两个地点本质上是同时期的，显然代表了每个群体的副产品，研究人员希望深入了解这个问题。如果这些地点在不同的季节被占用。克莱因和克鲁兹-乌里韦怀疑，“单一集团”的情况将得到加强。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将阐明人类适应性和文化可变性的问题。猎人和牧民的生活方式非常不同，往往有一套不同的价值观，在一年内从一种生活方式转变为另一种生活方式是一项相当大的壮举。这些数据本身会引起广大考古爱好者的兴趣。

With National Science Foundation support, Drs. Richard Klein and Kathryn Cruz-Uribe will study archaeological faunas excavated from two sites located in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. While both date to the period immediately prior to European discovery of the Cape and are located only 70 km. apart, archaeological remains differ significantly between them. At Kasteelberg, domestic sheep as well as pottery are common, while at the Dune Field Midden site both pottery and domesticates are rare. Drs Klein and Cruz-Uribe will focus on the abundant faunal remains from both sites. They will identify these according to species and body part and will look for butchering marks and other forms of alteration. They will also determine the ages of animals were killed and on this basis determine the seasons during which the sites were occupied. Data collected should also shed light on the subsistence strategies practiced. The first European accounts of Southern Africa indicate the presence of two groups of people, one which hunted and another which followed a pastoral way of life. Anthropologists have pointed out that it is unclear whether these two distinct "groups" are actually separate or rather represent a single culture in which bands switch, perhaps according to season, from one lifestyle to another. Through analysis of two sites which are essentially contemporaneous and which apparently represent byproducts of each group, the investigators hope to insight into this question. If the sites are occupied in different seasons as Drs. Klein and Cruz-Uribe suspect, the "single group" case will be strengthened. This research is important for several reasons. It will shed light on the issue of human adaptability and cultural variability. Hunters and herders follow very different lifestyles, often with different sets of values and to switch from one to another over a single year is a considerable feat. The data themselves will be of interest to a wide archaeological audience.