Openness, Secrecy, Authorship, and Intellectual Property

公开性、保密性、作者身份和知识产权

• 批准号: 9112729
• 负责人: Pamela Long
• 金额: $ 3.6万
• 依托单位: Individual Award
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-11-15 至 1993-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9112729&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Openness; Secrecy; Authorship; Intellectual; Property

Issues of openness, secrecy, authorship, and intellectual property remain of central concern in scientific and technical research. The current debate between the French and Americans over the discovery of the HIV virus or the criticism of classified CIA- supported research at the Rochester Institute of Technology are just two of many examples of conflicts that can arise concerning these issues. The creation of an office of scientific integrity at the NIH and an Inspector General's Office at NSF are manifestations of the importance government has attached to these questions. Yet these are not in any sense new problems. Under this grant, Dr. Long is continuing her investigation of the origins of beliefs and attitudes towards openness, secrecy, authorship and intellectual property in the period before the rise of modern science and technology in the scientific revolution. She argues that the most important sources for these attitudes and beliefs consist of practical, technical and military writings and craft guild documents. In this study, Dr. Long is evaluating the ways in which prior traditions of practical authorship influenced the development of an ideal of openness in the new experimental science. At the same time, however, she has found a rising interest in secrecy, priority, intellectual property, patents and privileges. She is examining the conflicts that emerged from these competing interests. Her study concludes with an analysis of the ways in which scientific methodology was influenced by such issues as they had been elaborated in prior practical traditions. This research promises to enrich our understanding of the bases for contemporary debate over these issues.

公开、保密、作者身份和知识产权问题仍然是科学技术研究的核心问题。目前法国和美国之间关于HIV病毒发现的争论，以及对美国中央情报局支持的罗切斯特理工学院的机密研究的批评，只是许多与这些问题有关的冲突中的两个例子。美国国立卫生研究院科学诚信办公室和美国国家科学基金会监察长办公室的成立表明了政府对这些问题的重视。然而，这些在任何意义上都不是新问题。在这项资助下，朗博士将继续研究在科学革命中现代科学技术兴起之前，人们对开放、保密、作者身份和知识产权的信仰和态度的起源。她认为，这些态度和信念最重要的来源是实用的、技术的和军事的著作以及工艺协会的文件。在这项研究中，朗博士正在评估先前的实践作者传统对新兴实验科学中开放性理想发展的影响。然而，与此同时，她发现人们对保密、优先权、知识产权、专利和特权的兴趣日益浓厚。她正在研究这些相互竞争的利益所产生的冲突。她的研究最后分析了科学方法论受到这些问题影响的方式，因为这些问题已经在以前的实践传统中得到了阐述。这项研究有望丰富我们对这些问题的当代辩论基础的理解。