Modeling of the Teleconnections in the African Climate

大量的实证研究表明，大陆尺度的气候异常在决定非洲气候的变率方面起着重要作用。其中一个年代际尺度的气候异常机制涉及赤道非洲和热带非洲之间降水异常分布的同步相位逆转。尽管大陆上每个纬度带的雨季出现在年周期的不同阶段，但这种大陆尺度的同步发生了。显然，大陆尺度的遥相关机制似乎参与了这些气候条件的发展和维持。PI的解形成了一个稳态多级线性模型，表明非洲大尺度地形与基本状态下的气候波动之间的相互作用有助于产生观测到的非洲气候遥相关。PI将通过基于NCAR社区气候模式（CCM）进行一系列数值模拟来扩展他之前的调查。这项调查将针对两个不同但密切相关和相辅相成的目标，其说明如下。(1)利用美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）群落气候模式（CCM）研究观测到的全球海表温度（SST）、非洲气候的大陆尺度遥相关和区域萨赫勒干旱之间的三向联系。数值积分将基于两个版本的NCAR GCM，一个早期型号指定为CCM1，一个新版本CCM2，其中已经实施了广泛的增强。(2)提出并验证关于非洲大尺度地形和平均纬向流相互作用在促进观测到的非洲气候遥相关中的作用的新假设。通过这次调查，PI希望澄清一些重要的物理机制，负责非洲气候的大陆尺度遥相关。此外，本研究将有助于评估CCM1和CCM2在模拟热带气候变率方面的相对性能，从而为模式的进一步改进做出贡献。

A Significant body of empirical studies indicated that continental-scale climate anomalies play an important part in determining the variability of the African climate. One of these decadal-scale climate anomaly regimes concerns the simultaneous phase reversal, in the precipitation anomaly distribution, between equatorial and tropical Africa. This continental-scale concurrence happens despite the fact that the rainy season in each latitudinal band over the continent comes at different phases of the annual cycle. Clearly, a continental-scale teleconnection mechanism appears to be involved in the development and maintenance of these climatic conditions. The PI's solutions obtained form a steady-state multi-level linear model, indicate that the interaction between the large-scale African orography and the climatic fluctuations in the basic state could help to produce the observed teleconnections in the African climate. The PI will extend his previous investigations by performing a series of numerical simulations based on the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM). This investigation will be aimed at two distinct but closely related and complementary objectives which may be stated as follows. (1) Employ the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model (CCM) to investigate the observed three-way connection between the global sea surface temperature (SST), the continental-scale teleconnections in the African climate, and the regional Sahelian droughts. The numerical integrations will be based on two versions of the NCAR GCM, an earlier model designated CCM1, and a new version CCM2, in which extensive enhancements have been implemented. (2) Introduce and test a new hypothesis concerning the role of the interaction between the large-scale orography of Africa and the mean zonal flow in promoting the observed teleconnections in the African climate. Through this investigation the PI hopes to clarify some of the important physical mechanisms responsible for the continental- scale teleconnections in the African climate. In addition this study will help to assess the relative performances of CCM1 and CCM2 in simulating the variability of the tropical climate, thus contributing toward further improvements in the models.