Development of a Three-Dimensional Regional and Global Model for Chemical/Dynamical Evolution of Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides in the Troposphere

对流层臭氧和氮氧化物的化学/动力学演化三维区域和全球模型的开发

• 批准号: 9115153
• 负责人: M. Sanford Sillman
• 金额: $ 12.16万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-15 至 1994-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9115153&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Three; Dimensional; Regional; Global

To date most models for global-scale photochemistry have included detailed chemistry but have represented dynamics with a one- or two-dimensional treatment with transport based on eddy diffusion coefficients. Models of this type calculate photochemical production and loss terms based on concentrations of nitrogen oxides and other species averaged over an entire latitude band. They omit the geographical variation in nitrogen oxides concentrations which ranges over three orders of magnitude. Models of this type cannot be used to evaluate species concentrations in specific locations (e.g. the north Atlantic) that have complex source-receptor relations. Even the calculation of global average species concentrations may be flawed due to nonlinearities in the chemistry. Photochemical production and loss rates are very different in polluted environments or in regions of biomass burning than in remote continental or marine locations, and rates also depend on local meteorology. Models for global photochemical production and loss must account for these differences. This project is designed to develop a realistic chemical module which, while capable of simulating the complex nitrogen, hydrocarbon and ozone chemistry associated with atmospheric pollution, will run efficiently and effectively in a global chemical transport model. The chemical module will be developed and tested in the GFGL global chemical transport model. Successful development of a chemical module that realistically simulates photochemical production and loss of nitrogen oxides and ozone and that economically operates in a global transport model offers a number of scientific benefits. Accurate three imensional models are an essential tool for evaluating photochemical evolution in the global troposphere in a way that includes geographical variation and the episodic nature of meteorological events. A three dimensional model also allows direct comparison of results with observed species concentrations.

迄今为止，大多数全球规模的光化学模型都包含了详细的化学成分，但通过基于涡流扩散系数的传输的一维或二维处理来表示动力学。 这种类型的模型根据整个纬度带上氮氧化物和其他物质的平均浓度来计算光化学产生和损失项。 他们忽略了氮氧化物浓度的地理变化，其范围超过三个数量级。 这种类型的模型不能用于评估具有复杂源-受体关系的特定地点（例如北大西洋）的物种浓度。 由于化学的非线性，即使是全球平均物种浓度的计算也可能存在缺陷。 在污染环境或生物质燃烧地区，光化学的产生和损失率与偏远大陆或海洋地区的光化学产生和损失率有很大不同，并且光化学产生率和损失率还取决于当地气象。 全球光化学产生和损失的模型必须考虑到这些差异。 该项目旨在开发一个真实的化学模块，该模块能够模拟与大气污染相关的复杂氮、碳氢化合物和臭氧化学，并将在全球化学品运输模型中高效运行。 该化学品模块将在 GFGL 全球化学品运输模型中进行开发和测试。 化学模块的成功开发可以真实地模拟光化学的产生以及氮氧化物和臭氧的损失，并且可以在全球运输模型中经济地运行，从而提供了许多科学效益。 准确的三维模型是评估全球对流层光化学演化的重要工具，其中包括地理变化和气象事件的偶发性。 三维模型还可以将结果与观察到的物种浓度进行直接比较。