Mobility and Sedentism at Southwestern Pit Structure Sites

西南基坑结构遗址的流动性和定居性

• 批准号: 9121254
• 负责人: Patricia Gilman
• 金额: $ 6.3万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-04-01 至 1995-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9121254&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mobility; Sedentism; Southwestern; Pit; Structure

Dr. Patricia Gilman will conduct one season of archaeological excavation in the San Simon drainage, located in Southeastern Arizona. She will focus on the Pit Structure period which dates from ca. AD 500-1050 and excavate a series of habitation structures of varying size. Entire structures as well as immediate surrounding areas will be completely opened to provide a full picture of settlement pattern. A wide range of recovered materials will be analyzed to determine chronology, subsistence practices and degree of mobility. An attempt will also be made to determine the season when each site was occupied. The goal of this project is to reconstruct the settlement and mobility pattern during the Pit House period. For decades archaeologists have studied the large pit house structures which give this period its name. These semi-buried houses have been interpreted as "permanent" structures and taken to imply a settled way of life. Dr. Gilman, however, has noted that in other regions of the world similar structures are used on a seasonal basis and she hypothesizes that the same may hold true in the U.S. Southwest. This position is supported by the observation that smaller sites from the same time period are also found in the region and these may represent a different part of a seasonal round. The planned excavations and analyses are designed to test this possibility. In the Southwestern United States archaeologists have traced the transformation of prehistoric groups from small scale hunting and gathering societies to large polities with year round settlements and centralized political organization. However, the process which lead to this change is not well understood. Increasing sedentism probably played a role, but just what is uncertain. This research should help to resolve this question. It will also produce data of interest to many archaeologists.

帕特丽夏·吉尔曼博士将进行一个季节的考古 位于东南部的San Simon排水系统的挖掘 亚利桑那 她将重点介绍矿坑结构时期， 从约公元500-1050年， 不同大小的结构。 整个结构以及 周边地区将完全开放， 一个完整的定居点模式。 各种各样的恢复 材料将被分析，以确定年表，生存 的做法和流动程度。 也将进行尝试 以确定每个地点被占领的季节。 该项目的目标是重建定居点， 在坑屋时期的流动模式。 几十年来 考古学家研究了大型坑房结构， 给这个时期起个名字。 这些半掩埋的房屋 被解释为“永久性”结构，并被认为意味着 定居的生活方式。 然而，吉尔曼博士指出， 世界其他地区也采用了类似的结构， 季节性的基础上，她假设，同样可能适用于 在美国西南部。 这一立场得到了 观察到，同一时期的较小网站也是 在该地区发现，这些可能代表了一个不同的部分， 季节轮 计划的挖掘和分析是 旨在测试这种可能性。 在美国西南部，考古学家追踪了 史前群体从小规模狩猎和 聚集社会到大型政治与全年定居点 中央集权的政治组织。 但其工艺 导致这种变化的原因尚不清楚。 增加 sedentism可能发挥了作用，但只是不确定。 这项研究应该有助于解决这个问题。 它还将 产生了许多考古学家感兴趣的数据。