Human Capital and Long-Run Growth

这个项目包括两个部分。第一个涉及创新，第二个涉及传统类型的人力资本积累。最发达经济体的增长是由新产品和新工艺的开发推动的，而发展中国家的增长是由成功采用现有技术推动的。研究的第一部分是对在每种环境中决定创新活动总水平的因素进行更系统的检查。其中最主要的是产品之间的可替代程度和产品市场的竞争性质。一个关键问题是，在什么情况下，欠发达经济体将倾向于追赶更先进的经济体。上世纪80年代，S在美国的实际工资上升，而其他群体的实际工资则停滞不前或下降。研究的第二部分旨在解释随着经济发展，熟练工人和非熟练工人的相对工资的动态变化。还将研究熟练和非熟练劳动力不同组合的经济体之间的贸易，以及对熟练和非熟练劳动力从较不发达经济体迁移到较发达经济体的激励。

This project has two parts. The first deals with innovation, the second with human capital accumulation of a conventional sort. Growth in the most advanced economies is fueled by the development of new products and processes, and growth in the developing world by successful adoption of existing technologies. The first part of the research is a more systematic examination of the factors that determine the aggregate level of innovative activity in each setting. Chief among these are the degree of substitutability among products and the nature of competition in the product market. A key question is under what circumstances a less developed economy will tend to catch up to a more advanced one. During the 1980's real wages in the U.S. rose for professional workers and stagnated or fell for other groups. The second part of the research is directed toward explaining the dynamics of the relative wages of skilled and unskilled labor as an economy develops. Trade between economies with different mixes of skilled and unskilled labor, and the incentives for skilled and unskilled labor to migrate from less to more developed economies will also be examined.