Microbial Transformations at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents

深海热液喷口的微生物转化

• 批准号: 9200458
• 负责人: Holger Jannasch
• 金额: $ 48.16万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-05-15 至 1995-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9200458&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Microbial; Transformations; Deep; Sea; Hydrothermal

Microbial populations at deep-sea hydrothermal vents link the transfer of geothermal energy to the production of organic carbon, known as chemosynthesis. As the particulate organic food source for the filter-feeding and grazing vents animals, free-living bacteria function as the chemosynthetic base of the food chain for this part of the vent communities. During the continuation of the RIDGE Initiative, this project will focus on those bacteria from hydrothermal vents. Dr. Jannasch will address the question - which chemosynthetic bacteria are quantitatively the most important in terms of productivity at hydrothermal vents? To answer this question, newly-developed techniques will be used to assess aerobic and anaerobic chemosynthetic bacteria at a large variety of vent environments. Rates of growth and chemosynthesis will be measured by a variety of in situ and laboratory experiments. It's assumed that these natural microbial populations are highly responsive to environmental conditions and, therefore, representative of temporal geophysical-geochemical changes of vent systems. Work at the Mid- Atlantic Ridge vent sites will deal with new approaches for in situ rate measurements of chemosynthetic activity by microbial populations covering the polymetal sulfide deposits. In addition, work is also planned for the Guaymas Basin Beggiatoa mats. These studies will involve the use of two submersibles, the ALVIN and JASON/MEDEA.//

深海热液喷口处的微生物种群 将地热能转化为有机碳的生产， 称为化学合成。 作为颗粒有机食物来源 对于滤食性和食草性喷口动物来说， 细菌作为食物链的化学合成基础， 这部分的热液喷口群落 继续期内 RIDGE倡议，该项目将重点放在这些细菌从 热液喷口 Jannasch博士将回答这个问题- 化学合成细菌在数量上是最重要的， 热液喷口的生产力？ 回答这个 新开发的技术将用于评估有氧运动 和厌氧化能合成细菌 环境. 将测量生长和化学合成的速率 通过各种现场和实验室实验。 据推测 这些天然的微生物群体对 环境条件，因此，代表时间 喷口系统的地球化学变化。 工作在中- 大西洋海岭喷口地点将采用新的办法， 微生物化学合成活性的速率测量 覆盖多金属硫化物矿床的人口。 此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 还计划在瓜伊马斯盆地的贝吉亚托地垫上开展工作。 这些 研究将涉及使用两个潜水器，ALVIN和 Jason/Medea.