Dietary Restriction and Trade-offs Between Survival and Reproduction

饮食限制以及生存与繁殖之间的权衡

• 批准号: 9207757
• 负责人: Michael Rose
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-12-15 至 1996-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9207757&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dietary; Restriction; Trade; offs; Between

Drosophila that have evolved enhanced longevity usually have reduced early reproduction. There are also negative correlations between reproduction and survival characters (e.g. starvation resistance) in D. melanogaster. Similarly, Drosophila and other organisms that have enhanced survival as a result of dietary restriction have reduced fertility. What is not clear is how nutrition and selection might interact with each other in the enhancement of survival, given that both are affected by this type of trade-off. The central questions for this project revolve around this interaction: (i) Can genetic trade-offs between survival and reproduction be surmounted by nutritional manipulation? (ii) Can selection change the effects of dietary restriction upon survival and reproduction? Two main experiments are planned. (1) Estimation of genetic correlations between early fecundity and starvation resistance (a factor that controls longevity) over four nutritional environments. This experiment would test the environmental dependence of genetic correlation. (2) Selection for increased starvation resistance under varying nutritional regimes: high or low nutrition before starvation and high or low nutrition after starvation but before egglaying. One of these selection regimes would favor the erosion of the normal dietary restriction (high then low nutrition), while one would favor it (low then high nutrition). The experiment would test the degree to which the dietary restriction response can be genetically changed by selection. Experiments (1) and (2) might reveal conditions under which trade-off between fecundity and starvation resistance is circumvented.

进化出更长寿的果蝇通常 减少早期繁殖。 也有负相关 繁殖和生存特征之间的关系（例如饥饿 电阻）在D.黑腹菌 同样，果蝇和其他 由于饮食的原因， 限制降低了生育率。 目前尚不清楚的是， 营养和选择可能相互作用， 考虑到两者都受到这种类型的影响，提高生存率 的trade-off。 这个项目的核心问题是 （一）基因之间的权衡 生存和繁殖都被营养 操纵(ii)选择能改变饮食的影响吗 限制生存和繁殖？ 两个主要实验 都是计划好的(1)早期遗传相关的估计 繁殖力和饥饿抵抗力（控制 四种营养环境。 本实验 将测试遗传相关性的环境依赖性。 (2)在不同条件下提高饥饿抗性的选择 营养制度：饥饿前的高营养或低营养， 高或低营养饥饿后，但产卵前。 一 这些选择制度的影响会有利于正常的侵蚀， 饮食限制（高，然后低营养），而一个人会 低营养（Low Nutrition） 该实验将测试 饮食限制反应的遗传程度 通过选择改变。 实验（1）和（2）可以揭示 繁殖力和饥饿之间的平衡 阻力被规避。