DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Effects of Reduced Population Size on the Genomics of Adaptation during Drosophila Experimental Evolution

论文研究：果蝇实验进化过程中种群规模减少对适应基因组学的影响

• 批准号: 1600932
• 负责人: Michael Rose
• 金额: $ 2.01万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1600932&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Effects; Reduced; Population

Reduced population size, and the inbreeding that results from it, is known to reduce the functional response to selection. The present research measures the genomic impact of inbreeding on selection in the common lab fruit fly. Most animal research uses laboratory populations that are inbred, but such inbred animals may not be good research models for species that have large population sizes like humans. Understanding the genomic effects of inbreeding will help elucidate the plight of small populations undergoing intense selection. This is of great importance for such applied settings as conservation since endangered species often have very small populations. The work will also help researchers understand how populations adapt to novel, stressful environments. The research involves sequencing pooled DNA from nearly 30 Drosophila populations maintained at small census sizes. Half of these populations were subjected to strong selection for starvation resistance, while no selection was directly imposed on the remainder. The functional response to strong selection has already been shown to be impaired in these inbred flies. Genomic analysis will reveal the genetic machinery that has impaired their response to selection. These genomic findings will then be compared to genomic studies of fruit fly populations maintained at much larger population sizes. The comparison will reveal the genetic basis of reduced response to selection with inbreeding.

种群规模的缩小以及由此产生的近亲繁殖，会降低对选择的功能反应。本研究测量了近亲繁殖对普通实验室果蝇选择的基因组影响。大多数动物研究使用的是近亲繁殖的实验室种群，但这种近亲繁殖的动物可能不是像人类这样具有大种群规模的物种的良好研究模型。了解近亲繁殖的基因组效应将有助于阐明经历强烈选择的小种群的困境。这是非常重要的应用环境，如保护，因为濒危物种往往有非常小的人口。这项工作还将帮助研究人员了解人群如何适应新的、有压力的环境。这项研究涉及对近30个果蝇种群的DNA进行测序，这些果蝇种群保持在小规模的普查规模。这些人口的一半进行强选择的饥饿抗性，而没有选择直接施加在其余的。对强选择的功能反应已经被证明在这些近交系果蝇中受损。基因组分析将揭示削弱它们对选择反应的遗传机制。 然后将这些基因组研究结果与维持在更大种群规模的果蝇种群的基因组研究进行比较。这种比较将揭示近亲繁殖对选择反应降低的遗传基础。