An Investigation of Hydrologic Scale: Natural Variability Modeling, and Data Collection

问题的规模对水文学 现象进行观察和解释。 近期水文研究 已经清楚地表明，实验室结果可能不足以 反映了现场规模的行为，模型是在一个规模上开发的， 可能在其他尺度上无效，而小尺度的变化 可能会产生大规模的后果。 该研究项目是 旨在帮助水文学家更清楚地了解 尺度效应及其与实际水文的关系 调查事务所 它考察了 自然变化和模型及数据收集程序 这是水文学的基础。 的第一阶段 该项目回顾了描述自然环境的随机方法， 在时间和空间尺度上的变化。 第二 阶段检查新技术，用于导出尺度依赖 水文量的估计。 研究的最后阶段 考虑如何使用现场数据来提高 这些估计。 项目中采用的随机方法 提供了一种方法来量化重要的规模依赖权衡 模型分辨率、采样工作量和估计精度之间的关系。 这种方法说明了地下水流的应用 和交通。

Problem scale has a significant effect on the way that hydrologic phenomena are observed and explained. Recent hydrologic research has clearly demonstrated that laboratory results may not adequately reflect field scale behavior, that models developed at one scale may not be valid at other scales, and that small scale variability may have large scale consequences. This research project is designed to help hydrologists obtain a clearer understanding of scale effects and their relevance to practical hydrologic investigations. It examines the complex relationship between natural variability and the models and data collection programs that from the basis for scientific hydrology. The first phase of the project reviews stochastic methods for describing natural variability over a range of time and space scales. The second phase examines new techniques for deriving scale-dependent estimates of hydrologic quantities. The final phase of research considers how field data can be used to improve the accuracy of these estimates. The stochastic approach adopted in the project provides a way to quantify important scale-dependent tradeoffs between model resolution, sampling effort, and estimation accuracy. This approach is illustrated with applications to groundwater flow and transport.