The Evolution of Global Labor Markets

今天的媒体充斥着关于全球经济 村，政治领导人谈论世界方面 竞争力，美国人担心生产力的损失， 生活水平 经济学家称这个过程 第二次世界大战后的理论与实证分析 我的经验丰富。 它经常被遗忘， 然而，这一经济融合的过程具有非常重要的意义， 历史悠久。 它始于19世纪， 重要的经济事件;发现新世界资源和 工业革命 这两个事件创造了经济 差异：工资、生活水平和人均收入差距 目前经合组织工业化俱乐部成员国之间的差距增加， 大幅 然而，在19世纪50年代之后， 超过一个世纪的趋同， 比富裕国家快。 自2000年以来， 20世纪50年代以来， 世纪。 这一趋同过程时断时续， 该项目的一个主要目标是确定哪些事件 进行了融合以及原因。 第二个主要目标是 揭示导致趋同的力量 这将包括 国际劳动力迁移，国际资本流动， 国际贸易、技能形成和技术进步。 战争、政策干预和其他有利于或 抑制要素流动和贸易也可能起到了作用 在塑造这些力量的核心作用， 收敛 更好地理解这些历史力量 对未来世界的发展提供了有益的见解- 广泛的经济增长。

The media is filled today with reference to the global economic village, political leaders talk in terms of world competitiveness, and Americans fear the loss of productivity and living standards. Economists have come to call this process convergence, and theory and empirical analysis on post World War II experience with it have flourished. It is often forgotten, however, that this process of economic convergence has a very long history. It starts in the 19th century following two important economic events; the discovery New World resources and the industrial revolution. Both of these events created economic divergence: wage, standard of living and per capita income gaps between members of the current OECD industrialized club increased sharply. After the 1850's, however, this divergence was followed by more than a century of convergence when poor countries grew faster than rich countries. What has been observed since the 1950s, therefore, has been going on since the middle of the last century. This process of convergence took place in fits and starts, and one major goal of this project is to identify which episodes underwent convergence and why. A second major objective is to uncover the forces which caused convergence. These would include international labor migrations, international capital flows, international trade, skill formation, and technological advance. War, policy intervention, and other events favoring or suppressing factor flows and trade are also likely to have played a central role in shaping those forces underlying the convergence. A better understanding of these historical forces should provide useful insights about the course of future world- wide economic growth.