Smart Computer Coordinated Markets for Planning and Supply in Electrical Power Networks

世界经济以市场和竞争取代经济监管的大趋势，以及国际上对能源高效利用的意识的提高，促使了对电力传输网络放松管制的技术和经济可行性的研究。该项目的重点是发展计算机协调的市场机制，用于电能的产生和传输以及电网中的容量权利的建设和交换。此前调查人员的相关工作引起了新西兰、英国、法国、波兰、挪威、匈牙利和美国各政府机构的关注。这笔赠款的一个有用的副产品是用于动手实验室演示实验的计算机软件，以更好地向非技术决策者介绍体制改革的潜在优势。以放松管制的形式界定该行业的结构和财产权所采用的方法是基于两个基本概念，这两个基本概念是放松管制情景的核心。第一种是通过管道或传输网络进行能源的中央经济调度(地区或国家)。经济调度中心使用优化算法来计算价格和分配，以最大化系统剩余，如所有代理的分散的位置特定出价所揭示的那样。其想法是将集中化的协调优势与分散所有权的信息优势结合起来。电力网络具有复杂的相互依存关系，仅靠权力下放不能很好地满足市场竞争的需要。重组的第二个核心概念是对网络中“自然垄断”要素的容量权利的共同占有或共同所有权，以及随着代理人情况的变化而交换这些权利的机会。研究方法采用实验室对照实验方法。该实验室被用作检验价格分配机制的性能和均衡性质的试验台，这些机制太难被正式建模为非合作博弈。

The general trend in the world economy to substitute markets and competition for economic regulation, and the heightened international consciousness for energy efficient resource utilization motivate this study of the technical and economic feasibility of deregulating electric power transmission networks. The project focuses on the development of computer coordinated market mechanisms for the generation and transmission of electrical energy and for the building and exchange of capacity rights in the power network. Previous related work by the investigators has attracted the attention of various government agencies in New Zealand, England, France, Poland, Norway, Hungary and the United States. A useful byproduct of this grant is computer software for hands-on laboratory demonstration experiment to better inform non-technical decision makers of the potential advantages of institutional reform. The approach taken to defining the structure and property rights in the deregulated form of this industry is based on two fundamental concepts that are at the core of a deregulation scenario. The first is central economic dispatch (regional or national) of energy in pipeline or transmission networks. An economic dispatch center uses optimization algorithms that compute prices and allocations so as to maximize system surplus as revealed in the dispersed location-specific bids of all agents. The idea is to combine the coordination advantages of centralization with the informational advantages of decentralized ownership. Decentralization cannot alone serve well the needs of competition in markets that have the complex interdependencies that characterize power networks. The second concept at the core of a restructure is cotenancy or joint ownership of capacity rights to "natural monopoly" elements of the network, and the opportunity to exchange these rights as agents' circumstances change. The research methodology is that of the controlled laboratory experiment. The laboratory is used as a test bed to examine the performance and equilibrium properties of price- allocation mechanisms far too difficult to model formally as noncooperative games.