Conservation of Carotenoid Pigments During Passage Through the Guts of Calanoid Copepods: Specificity and Physiological Induction

类胡萝卜素色素在通过桡足类肠道的过程中的保存：特异性和生理诱导

• 批准号: 9301534
• 负责人: Gary Kleppel
• 金额: $ 16.54万
• 依托单位: Nova Southeastern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 1996-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9301534&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Conservation; Carotenoid; Pigments; During; Passage

Carotenoid pigments are widely used as chemotaxonomic markers fordescribing the distributions and composition of primary producers in the sea. Increasingly, carotenoids are being used as trophic dynamic and geochemical probes for studying processes such as zooplankton feeding activity, detritus formation, and vertical organic fluxes. Most of these applications require the measurement of carotenoids in zooplankton guts or feces. Quantification of these measurements requires a working knowledge of whether or not carotenoid pigments are conserved during passage through the gut. At present, such information is scarce and existing data do not suggest a predictable pattern of carotenoid processing by copepods. Part of the problem seems to be that studies to date have been neither extensive nor intensive. This project provides a systematic evaluation of the fate of commonly used carotenoid marker pigments, from major phytoplankton taxa, during passage through the copepod gut. The goal of the project is to ascertain the extent to which the fate of carotenoids uring gut passage is a function of the copepod species (e.g., Do some species destroy carotenoids while others do not?), or the copepod's physiology at the time of feeding. Mass balance experiments will be used to estimate the quantities of ingested pigments that are conserved, derivatized and/or destroyed during passage through the gut. At least four species of copepods, selected as representatives of a range of habitats, ecologies and physiologies, will be used in the experiments. The study will serve, first to screen copepods from a variety of environments (e.g.,, high and low latitudes, nearshore and open coastal waters) for carotenoid-processing characteristics. Experiments will then clarify the influence of acclimation to food environment (i.e., recent feeding history), diel variability in digestive physiology and high frequency variability in food concentration (patchiness) on the processing of ingested algal carotenoids. Ultimately, this intensive approach should provide a level of predictability about the fate of carotenoids in certain food webs, and lead to an understanding of how animals and environments affect the use of pigments as trophic dynamic or geochemical probes.

类胡萝卜素色素被广泛用作描述海洋初级生产者分布和组成的化学分类标记。类胡萝卜素越来越多地被用作营养动力学和地球化学探针，用于研究浮游动物摄食活动、碎屑形成和垂直有机通量等过程。这些应用大多需要测量浮游动物内脏或粪便中的类胡萝卜素。这些测量的量化需要一个工作知识是否类胡萝卜素色素在通过肠道时被保存。目前，这类信息是稀缺的，现有的数据并没有表明桡足类动物加工类胡萝卜素的可预测模式。部分问题似乎是迄今为止的研究既不广泛也不深入。本项目对主要浮游植物类群中常用的类胡萝卜素标记色素在通过桡足类肠道过程中的命运进行了系统的评估。该项目的目标是确定类胡萝卜素在肠道通道中的命运在多大程度上是桡足类动物的功能（例如，是否有些物种会破坏类胡萝卜素而其他物种不会？），或者是桡足类动物在进食时的生理机能。质量平衡实验将用于估计在通过肠道过程中被保存、衍生和/或破坏的摄入色素的数量。至少有四种桡足类动物将被选为一系列栖息地、生态和生理的代表，用于实验。这项研究将首先从各种环境（例如，高纬度和低纬度，近岸和开阔的沿海水域）中筛选桡足类动物的类胡萝卜素加工特征。然后，实验将阐明对食物环境的适应（即最近的摄食史）、消化生理的昼夜变化和食物浓度的高频变化（斑块）对摄入的藻类类胡萝卜素加工的影响。最终，这种密集的方法应该为某些食物网中类胡萝卜素的命运提供一定程度的可预测性，并导致对动物和环境如何影响色素作为营养动态或地球化学探测器的使用的理解。