PRF/J: Molecular Systematics of the Polyporaceae (Fungi, Basidiomycota)

利用DNA和氨基酸序列数据研究担子菌科蓼科植物的系统发育关系。在水螅科的孢子囊范围从简单的，复生的形式，到复杂的，具毛具柄的形式。膜孔可以是多孔的、片状的、齿状的等。该研究将通过提供系统发育背景来解释真菌形态进化。主要的重点是：(a)形态的细化、减少和收敛在孢子皮进化中的作用；(b)膜层类型之间的转换模式。进化和同源性的衰变类型和交配系统将同样阐明。不同属的采样，特别关注模式种，将对比传统和现代的概念水螅科。将利用两种分子数据来源：线粒体小亚基核糖体RNA基因和核编码空泡atp酶b亚基。强调分支学的方法，这两个区域的系统发育分析将允许用于解释生物体系统发育的基因树的独立确证。不受约束的系统发育分析结果将与用户自定义拓扑约束下的结果进行比较，从而对相互竞争的分类和进化假设进行定量评估。迄今为止，真菌的分子系统发育研究（有150万个物种，仅次于昆虫的物种分类群）非常有限，这使得这项研究非常重要，因为目前缺乏对该群体的全面系统发育分类。Polyporaceae属膜菌属（孢子生长在暴露的膜上的真菌）的一些初步数据是可用的。多孔真菌和其他木材腐烂真菌在全球碳循环中起着重要作用，对木材工业造成了巨大的损失。本研究所得的信息将在木材生物降解研究中具有实际应用价值，因为它将澄清木腐菌的同源性和功能结果。

Phylogenetic relationships of the basidiomycete family Polyporaceae will be investigated using DNA and amino acid sequence data. Sporocarps in the Polyporaceae range from simple, resupinate forms, to complex, pileate-stipitate forms. Hymenophores may be poroid, lamellate, toothed, etc. This study will inform the interpretation of fungal morphological evolution by providing a phylogenetic context. The principal focus is on: (a) the roles of morphological elaboration, reduction, and convergence in sporocarp evolution, (b) patterns of switching between hymenophore types. Evolution and homology of decay types and mating systems will be similarly elucidated. Sampling of diverse genera, with special attention on type species, will contrast traditional and modern concepts of the Polyporaceae. Two sources of molecular data will be utilized: mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA genes and nuclear-encoded vacuolar ATPase B-subunits. Emphasizing cladistic methods, phylogenetic analyses of the two regions will permit independent corroboration of gene trees used to interpret organismal phylogenies. Results from unconstrained phylogenetic analyses will be compared with those obtained under user-defined topological constraints, enabling a quantitative evaluation of competing taxonomic and evolutionary hypotheses. %%% To date molecular phylogenetic studies of the fungi (with 1.5 million species, the most speciose taxon after the insects) have been quite limited, making this study an important one since a comprehensive phylogenetic classification for the group is presently lacking. Some preliminary data are available for the Polyporaceae, which are hymenomycetes (fungi that bear their spores on an exposed hymenium). Polypores and other wood decay fungi play a significant role in global carbon cycling and cause great losses in the timber industry. The information derived from this research will be of practical use in studies of wood biodegradation because it will clarify results of homology and function in wood rot organisms.