PRF/J: Molecular Systematics of the Polyporaceae (Fungi, Basidiomycota)

将利用DNA和氨基酸序列数据研究担子菌科多孔菌科的系统发育关系。多孔菌科的孢子果从简单的复生的形式到复杂的具毛的具柄的形式都有。膜孔可能是孔状的、片状的、齿状的等。这项研究将通过提供系统发育背景来解释真菌的形态进化。主要集中在：(A)形态精化、缩小和收敛在孢子果进化中的作用，(B)膜柄类型之间的转换模式。衰变类型和交配系统的进化和同源性将被类似地阐明。对不同属的采样，特别注意模式种，将对比传统和现代的多孔菌科的概念。将利用两个分子数据来源：线粒体小亚基核糖体RNA基因和核编码的空泡ATPase B亚基。强调分支方法，这两个区域的系统发育分析将允许对用于解释生物系统发育的基因树进行独立的确证。无约束系统发育分析的结果将与在用户定义的拓扑约束下获得的结果进行比较，从而能够对相互竞争的分类和进化假说进行定量评估。到目前为止，对真菌(有150万种，是仅次于昆虫的最特殊的分类群)的分子系统发育研究非常有限，这使得这项研究成为一项重要的研究，因为目前缺乏对该类群的全面系统发育分类。关于多孔菌科的一些初步数据可用，它们是膜菌(在暴露的膜上产生孢子的真菌)。多孔菌和其他木材腐烂真菌在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用，给木材工业造成了巨大的损失。从这项研究中获得的信息将在木材生物降解研究中发挥实际作用，因为它将澄清木材腐烂生物中同源性和功能的结果。

Phylogenetic relationships of the basidiomycete family Polyporaceae will be investigated using DNA and amino acid sequence data. Sporocarps in the Polyporaceae range from simple, resupinate forms, to complex, pileate-stipitate forms. Hymenophores may be poroid, lamellate, toothed, etc. This study will inform the interpretation of fungal morphological evolution by providing a phylogenetic context. The principal focus is on: (a) the roles of morphological elaboration, reduction, and convergence in sporocarp evolution, (b) patterns of switching between hymenophore types. Evolution and homology of decay types and mating systems will be similarly elucidated. Sampling of diverse genera, with special attention on type species, will contrast traditional and modern concepts of the Polyporaceae. Two sources of molecular data will be utilized: mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA genes and nuclear-encoded vacuolar ATPase B-subunits. Emphasizing cladistic methods, phylogenetic analyses of the two regions will permit independent corroboration of gene trees used to interpret organismal phylogenies. Results from unconstrained phylogenetic analyses will be compared with those obtained under user-defined topological constraints, enabling a quantitative evaluation of competing taxonomic and evolutionary hypotheses. %%% To date molecular phylogenetic studies of the fungi (with 1.5 million species, the most speciose taxon after the insects) have been quite limited, making this study an important one since a comprehensive phylogenetic classification for the group is presently lacking. Some preliminary data are available for the Polyporaceae, which are hymenomycetes (fungi that bear their spores on an exposed hymenium). Polypores and other wood decay fungi play a significant role in global carbon cycling and cause great losses in the timber industry. The information derived from this research will be of practical use in studies of wood biodegradation because it will clarify results of homology and function in wood rot organisms.