Dissertation Reserach: Mission Pueblo Ceramic Analyses: Implications for Protohistoric Interaction Networks and Cultural Dynamics

在国家科学基金会的支持下，帕特里夏·卡彭女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将研究美国西南部美洲原住民对17世纪发生的西班牙传教的反应。大约从1630年开始，西班牙人在这一地区建立了许多传教团，目标是使美洲原住民皈依基督教，并将他们融入西班牙的经济体系。美洲原住民被迫为传教士提供劳动力。虽然很明显，传教确实对美洲原住民的生活方式产生了重大影响，但人们对变化的性质和程度却知之甚少。同样，不同的美洲原住民群体是如何适应的也不得而知。这项研究的目的是用当地生产的陶瓷来检验这个问题。在史前的西南地区，直到历史时期，陶瓷被广泛生产并在大片地区进行贸易。一些装饰类型被远距离移动，很可能是由当地的专家制作的。因此，陶瓷提供了对经济和贸易组织的洞察，以及更间接地对政治和社会结构的洞察。卡彭女士将考察位于新墨西哥州阿博和亚利桑那州阿瓦托维的两个普韦布洛，这两个地方分别位于普韦布洛地区的东端和西端。她将研究每个地区的地质情况，以确定粘土来源的位置和特征。然后，她将通过岩相学薄片分析的方法研究这两个地点的陶瓷材料。在此基础上，她将能够将船只与原材料来源地联系起来。她还将考虑生产的一致性等因素，以确定工艺专业化的程度。每个地点都跨越了任务前和任务期间，因此，卡彭女士将能够审查连续性和变化问题。初步研究表明，美洲原住民比历史数据显示的更抵制传教带来的变化。这项研究很重要，因为它将增加我们对非常不同的文化如何相互影响的理解。它将为文化变革提供新的线索，并有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

With National Science Foundation support, MS Patricia Capone will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will examine the response of Native Americans in the U.S. Southwest to Spanish missionization which took place during the 17th century. Beginning in about 1630 the Spanish established a number of missions in this region with a goal both of converting Native Americans to Christianity and of integrating them into a Spanish economic system. Native Americans were forced to provide labor to the missions. While it is clear that missions did have a major effect on Native American lifeways, the nature and degree of change is less well understood. It is also not known how uniformly different Native American groups adapted. The goal of this research is to use locally produced ceramics to examine this issue. In the prehistoric Southwest and continuing into historic times ceramics were widely produced and traded over broad areas. Some decorated types were moved great distances and likely were produced by specialists in localized areas. Ceramics therefore provide insight into economic and trade organization as well as - more indirectly - into political and social structures. MS Capone will examine two Pueblos at Abo, New Mexico, and Awatovi, Arizona which are located at the Eastern and Western ends of the Pueblo region respectively. She will study the geology of each area to locate and characterize clay sources. She will then study ceramic materials from both sites by means of petrographic thin section analysis. On this basis she will be able to tie vessels to raw material source areas. She will also look as such factors as uniformity of production to determine the degree of craft specialization. Each site spans the pre-mission and mission periods and therefore MS Capone will be able to examine the issue of continuity and change. Preliminary work suggests that native Americans were more resistant to change by missionization than historic data suggests. This research is important because it will increase our understanding of how very different cultures interact with each other. It will shed new light on culture change and assist in the training of a promising young scientist.