Insect Cold-Hardiness and Diapause: Regulatory Relationships

9305809迈阿密大学和俄亥俄州立大学研究人员之间的合作研究将集中在昆虫用于越冬生存的生理机制上。进入滞育和冷锻炼对大多数温带物种的生存都是必不可少的。这项研究考察了两种昆虫利用的机制，一种是不能耐受冰冻的昆虫(肉蝇)，另一种是耐受大范围内部结冰的物种(黄花蝇，Eurosta solidaginis)。冰核剂的存在在确定昆虫冻结温度方面起着关键作用。该项目的一部分将侧重于这些冰核在确定过冷点季节变化方面的作用，包括酵母、细菌和磷酸钙晶体。第二部分利用冷冻显微镜和活性染料研究冷害的本质，以直接观察低温和冷冻对昆虫细胞的影响。其他实验将探索对神经肌肉系统造成的寒冷损伤的性质。我们最近的发现表明，昆虫在寒冷暴露时会产生应激蛋白，这表明这些蛋白可能在提供耐寒性方面发挥了重要作用。设计实验是为了确定应激蛋白合成和获得耐寒性之间的关系。这项工作不仅将提供对耐寒新机制的了解，还可能为破坏害虫种群，以及在低温下长期储存昆虫和其他生物提供新的工具。*诉S t$$(F/C荷兰语(可伸缩)符号“Swiss(Scalable)5 Courier New I”e e(G R：\WW20USER\ABSTRACT.DOT Rochelle D Ray Rochelle D Ray

9305809 Lee Collaborative research between investigators at Miami University and Ohio State University will focus on physiological mechanisms used by insects for overwinter survival. Both the entry into diapause and cold hardening are essential for survival of most temperature zone species. This study examines mechanisms utilized by two types of insects, one that can not tolerate freezing (the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis) and a species that tolerates extensive internal ice formation (the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis). The presence of ice nucleating agents play a critical role in determining the temperature at which an insects freezes. One part of the project will focus on the role of these ice nucleates, including yeast, bacteria and crystals of calcium phosphate, in determining seasonal changes in the supercooling point. A second part examines the nature of cold injury using crymicroscopy and vital dyes to directly observe the effects of chilling and freezing on insect cells. Additional experiments will probe the nature of cold injury inflicted on the neuromuscular system. Our recent discovery that insects produce stress proteins in response to cold exposure suggests that such proteins may play an important role in providing cold tolerance. Experiments are designed are designed to determine the relationship between stress protein synthesis and the acquisition of cold tolerance. This work will not only provide an understanding of new mechanisms of cold tolerance, but may provide new tools for disruption of insect pest populations, and for long term storage of insects and other organisms at low temperature. *** v s t $ $ ( F / C Dutch (scalable) Symbol " Swiss (scalable) 5 Courier New i " h e e ( G R:\WW20USER\ABSTRACT.DOT Rochelle D Ray Rochelle D Ray