Insect Cold-Hardiness and Diapause: Regulatory Relationships

小行星9305809 迈阿密大学和俄亥俄州州立大学的研究人员之间的合作研究将集中在昆虫用于越冬生存的生理机制上。进入滞育和冷锻炼是大多数温带物种生存的必要条件。本研究探讨了两种类型的昆虫，一种是不能容忍冻结（肉蝇，Sarcophaga crassipalpis）和一个物种，容忍广泛的内部冰的形成（一枝黄花瘿蝇，Eurossta solidaginis）利用的机制。冰成核剂的存在在确定昆虫冻结的温度方面起着关键作用。该项目的一部分将集中在这些冰核的作用，包括酵母，细菌和磷酸钙晶体，在确定过冷却点的季节性变化。第二部分利用低温显微镜和活体染料直接观察低温和冷冻对昆虫细胞的影响，研究了冷害的本质。另外的实验将探索神经肌肉系统受到的冷损伤的性质。我们最近发现，昆虫产生应激蛋白响应冷暴露表明，这些蛋白质可能在提供耐寒性中发挥重要作用。本实验旨在研究胁迫蛋白的合成与抗寒性获得之间的关系。这项工作不仅将提供对耐寒性新机制的理解，而且可能为破坏昆虫害虫种群以及在低温下长期储存昆虫和其他生物提供新的工具。 *** v S t $ $ ( F / C 荷兰语（可扩展） Symbol“Swiss（scalable）5 Cash New 我 " H e e ( G R:\WW20USER\ABSTRACT.DOT 罗谢尔D雷罗谢尔D雷

9305809 Lee Collaborative research between investigators at Miami University and Ohio State University will focus on physiological mechanisms used by insects for overwinter survival. Both the entry into diapause and cold hardening are essential for survival of most temperature zone species. This study examines mechanisms utilized by two types of insects, one that can not tolerate freezing (the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis) and a species that tolerates extensive internal ice formation (the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis). The presence of ice nucleating agents play a critical role in determining the temperature at which an insects freezes. One part of the project will focus on the role of these ice nucleates, including yeast, bacteria and crystals of calcium phosphate, in determining seasonal changes in the supercooling point. A second part examines the nature of cold injury using crymicroscopy and vital dyes to directly observe the effects of chilling and freezing on insect cells. Additional experiments will probe the nature of cold injury inflicted on the neuromuscular system. Our recent discovery that insects produce stress proteins in response to cold exposure suggests that such proteins may play an important role in providing cold tolerance. Experiments are designed are designed to determine the relationship between stress protein synthesis and the acquisition of cold tolerance. This work will not only provide an understanding of new mechanisms of cold tolerance, but may provide new tools for disruption of insect pest populations, and for long term storage of insects and other organisms at low temperature. *** v s t $ $ ( F / C Dutch (scalable) Symbol " Swiss (scalable) 5 Courier New i " h e e ( G R:\WW20USER\ABSTRACT.DOT Rochelle D Ray Rochelle D Ray