Insect Cold-Hardiness and Diapause: Regulatory Relationships

9305809 Lee迈阿密大学和俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员将合作研究昆虫越冬生存的生理机制。进入滞育和冷硬化对大多数温带物种的生存都是必不可少的。本研究探讨了两种昆虫利用的机制，一种是不能忍受冰冻的昆虫（肉蝇，Sarcophaga crassipalpis），另一种是耐受大量内部结冰的昆虫（goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis）。冰成核剂的存在在决定昆虫结冰的温度方面起着关键作用。该项目的一部分将集中在这些冰核的作用，包括酵母、细菌和磷酸钙晶体，在确定过冷点的季节变化方面。第二部分考察了低温损伤的性质，使用低温显微镜和重要染料直接观察冷却和冷冻对昆虫细胞的影响。另外的实验将探讨对神经肌肉系统造成的冷损伤的性质。我们最近发现昆虫对寒冷暴露产生应激蛋白，这表明这些蛋白可能在提供耐寒性方面发挥重要作用。实验旨在确定胁迫蛋白合成与获得耐寒性之间的关系。这一研究成果不仅有助于了解耐冷性的新机制，而且可能为害虫种群的破坏以及昆虫和其他生物的低温长期储存提供新的工具。*** *** *是t​​$ $ (F / C荷兰（可伸缩）符号“瑞士（可伸缩）5 Courier New i ” h e e (gr:\WW20USER\ABSTRACT。DOT罗谢尔·D·雷罗谢尔·D·雷

9305809 Lee Collaborative research between investigators at Miami University and Ohio State University will focus on physiological mechanisms used by insects for overwinter survival. Both the entry into diapause and cold hardening are essential for survival of most temperature zone species. This study examines mechanisms utilized by two types of insects, one that can not tolerate freezing (the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis) and a species that tolerates extensive internal ice formation (the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis). The presence of ice nucleating agents play a critical role in determining the temperature at which an insects freezes. One part of the project will focus on the role of these ice nucleates, including yeast, bacteria and crystals of calcium phosphate, in determining seasonal changes in the supercooling point. A second part examines the nature of cold injury using crymicroscopy and vital dyes to directly observe the effects of chilling and freezing on insect cells. Additional experiments will probe the nature of cold injury inflicted on the neuromuscular system. Our recent discovery that insects produce stress proteins in response to cold exposure suggests that such proteins may play an important role in providing cold tolerance. Experiments are designed are designed to determine the relationship between stress protein synthesis and the acquisition of cold tolerance. This work will not only provide an understanding of new mechanisms of cold tolerance, but may provide new tools for disruption of insect pest populations, and for long term storage of insects and other organisms at low temperature. *** v s t $ $ ( F / C Dutch (scalable) Symbol " Swiss (scalable) 5 Courier New i " h e e ( G R:\WW20USER\ABSTRACT.DOT Rochelle D Ray Rochelle D Ray