Molecular Phylogenetics and Host Transfer Among Genera and Species in the Leafhopper Tribe Deltocephalini

三角叶蝉部落属和种间的分子系统发育和宿主转移

• 批准号: 9306436
• 负责人: William Black IV
• 金额: $ 19.5万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-11-15 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9306436&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Molecular; Phylogenetics; Host; Transfer; Among

9306436 Black Leafhoppers are insects that extract nutrients from plants through piercing and sucking mouthparts. Leafhoppers occur on a wide variety of trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants and grasses and can transmit a number of important plant diseases. It is believed that leafhopper species arose through changes in host plant specialization. A species that feeds on several closely related plant species may have come to specialize on one or a leafhopper that fed on one plant species may have broadened its range. Shifts in host plant specialization are believed to have occurred among leafhoppers in the tribe Deltocephalini. Some genera in this tribe have a worldwide distribution and occur on trees and shrubs or alternate between woody and herbaceous plants. Other genera are largely associated with herbaceous plants. One group inhabits primarily grasses in North, Central and South America. From these arose a group that are almost entirely limited to grasses in North America and Mexico. This suggests a progression from widely distributed species that occur on many families of woody and herbaceous plants towards North American and Mexican species that occur exclusively on grasses. The importance of host plant transfer in the origin of leafhopper species is poorly understood because leafhoppers have only a few morphological characters that can be used to separate species and determine the genetic relationships among them. The research of this project will use DNA sequences to estimate genetic relationships among leafhopper species. The goal is to develop an objective phylogeny for leafhoppers that will test the hypothesis that new species arise through host transfer and specialization. %%% The leafhoppers are a group of insects that have economic importance because several members transmit plant diseases to crops, trees, shrubs, etc.. Developing a better understanding of relationships among these insects will serve to explain changes in host pl ant associations which may have potential implications for disease control. The results of this project will also serve as a general model for other insect groups where host plant transfer and specialization is suspected. ***

小行星9306436 叶蝉是一种昆虫，通过刺吸口器从植物中吸取营养。 叶蝉发生在各种各样的树木，灌木，草本植物和草上，可以传播许多重要的植物疾病。 据认为，叶蝉物种的出现是通过寄主植物专化性的变化。 一个以几种密切相关的植物为食的物种可能会专门吃一种植物，或者一种以一种植物为食的叶蝉可能扩大了它的范围。 据信，在Deltocephalini部落的叶蝉中发生了寄主植物专业化的转变。 本族中的一些属具有世界性的分布，并且发生在乔木和灌木上或在木本和草本植物之间交替。 其他属主要与草本植物有关。 一个主要栖息在北美、中美和南美的草地上。 由此产生了一个几乎完全局限于北美和墨西哥草的群体。 这表明，从广泛分布的物种，发生在许多家庭的木本和草本植物向北美和墨西哥的物种，只发生在草。 寄主植物转移在叶蝉物种起源中的重要性知之甚少，因为叶蝉只有少数形态特征可用于区分物种并确定它们之间的遗传关系。 本计画的研究将利用DNA序列来评估叶蝉物种间的亲缘关系。 我们的目标是开发一个客观的叶蝉，将测试的假设，即新的物种通过主机转移和专业化。 %%% 叶蝉是一组具有经济重要性的昆虫，因为几个成员将植物疾病传播到作物，树木，灌木等。 发展这些昆虫之间的关系更好的理解将有助于解释寄主植物协会的变化，这可能对疾病控制有潜在的影响。 该项目的结果也将作为其他昆虫群体的一般模式，其中寄主植物转移和专业化的怀疑。 ***