Causes of Diet Change in an Herbivorous Insect

草食性昆虫饮食变化的原因

• 批准号: 9307804
• 负责人: Michael Singer
• 金额: $ 19.5万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-08-01 至 1997-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9307804&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Causes; Diet; Change; Herbivorous; Insect

9307804 Singer This project investigates the processes that cause herbivorous insects to feed on particular plants or to change those associations. One of the processes that influences insect diet is human manipulation of the landscape. This project investigates changes in diet of the butterfly Euphydryas editha, that have been brought about by two types of human activity: cattle ranching and clear-cutting of coniferous forest. In each case, human intervention has caused insects to change their preferences for egg-laying sites and incorporate new plant species into their diets. These populations are undergoing rapid diet shifts mediated by genetic changes of host preference. Diet expansion may be aided by correlations between maternal oviposition preference and offspring performance. This project will determine whether such correlations are present at the first arrival of the novel host. The project also continues long-term assessment of the extensive geographical variation in host specificity of E. editha. Comparisons between populations that differ in diet breadth will show whether this variation is mechanistically caused by variation among plants, among insects, or both. %%% Understanding patterns of plant use by herbivorous insects has been a central concern of plant-animal interactions. The PI has documented extensive temporal and spatial variation in this association of a widespread butterfly and has shown that changes in diet may be due to human influences. These diet shifts have implications for the conservation of threatened insects that live on managed land. Understanding the processes that cause herbiv ores to expand their diets will also help to elucidate the mechanisms by which non-pest insects become converted to pest status when their diets change to incorporate crop plants. s t One major focus of this proposal seems to be the PI's laboratory hybridization attempts and field work to assess ecological and sexual isolation. There is a problem, especially with sexual isolation, in that the PI has done preliminary testing with a species pair currently considered to be in different major clades and the 0 . 3 ! ! ! ! F # # Times New Roman Symbol & Arial Dutch (scalable) " h % e e - Laurel R. Fox Gayle Edmonds

[307804] Singer这个项目调查了导致食草昆虫以特定植物为食或改变这些联系的过程。影响昆虫饮食的过程之一是人类对景观的操纵。这个项目调查了由两种人类活动：放牧和砍伐针叶林所带来的蝴蝶饮食的变化。在每种情况下，人类的干预都导致昆虫改变了它们对产卵地点的偏好，并将新的植物物种纳入它们的饮食中。这些种群正在经历由宿主偏好的遗传变化介导的快速饮食转变。雌性产卵偏好与后代表现之间的相关性可能有助于饮食扩大。该项目将确定在新宿主首次到达时是否存在这种相关性。该项目还将继续对伊迪沙虫寄主特异性的广泛地理差异进行长期评估。对饮食广度不同的人群进行比较，将表明这种差异是由植物之间、昆虫之间还是两者之间的差异造成的。了解食草昆虫利用植物的模式一直是植物-动物相互作用的中心问题。PI已经记录了广泛分布的蝴蝶的这种关联的广泛的时间和空间变化，并表明饮食的变化可能是由于人类的影响。这些饮食的变化对生活在管理土地上的受威胁昆虫的保护有影响。了解导致食草动物扩大其饮食的过程也将有助于阐明非害虫昆虫在其饮食改变为作物植物时转变为害虫的机制。该提案的一个主要焦点似乎是PI的实验室杂交尝试和实地工作，以评估生态和性隔离。有一个问题，尤其是性孤立，因为PI已经对一对目前被认为属于不同主要分支的物种进行了初步测试0。3 !!!!f# # Times New Roman Symbol & Arial Dutch（可缩放）" h % e e - Laurel R. Fox Gayle Edmonds