University-Industry Relations: Conflict of Interest and Academic Mission

在美国，大学在世纪后期从教学机构演变为研究机构，在世纪后期演变为教学、研究和经济发展企业。激烈的争论伴随着并继续伴随着这些转变。本研究探讨了学术界与产业界关系中的利益冲突和承诺冲突问题。有两种模式描述了大学用来解决或调节这些冲突的方法：分离学术和商业活动，或在更广泛的机构使命的标题下整合研究和商业活动。一种模式或另一种模式占主导地位的程度表明了一个学术机构在多大程度上吸收和合法化经济发展作为其使命的一部分。在该研究奖的部分支持下，该研究员将在美国六所大学完成案例研究。这些案例提供了详细的信息，在历史和社会学的背景下，这些争议的机构反应的范围。研究将确定和阐明争议的根源，以及机构采取和达成的不同立场和解决方案。它将评估这些新政策和发展对国家和国际工业和学术政策问题以及区域发展的影响。研究结果将以文章和一本书的形式发表，这将使大学、公司和政府官员以及有关机构对大学协助经济和社会发展的不断变化的使命感兴趣。

In the United States the university evolved from a teaching to a research institution in the late nineteenth century, and into a teaching, research and economic development enterprise in the late twentieth century. Acute controversy accompanied and continues to accompany these transitions. This study examines issues of conflict of interest and conflict of commitment arising from academic-industry relations. There are two models which describe the approaches universities use to resolve or regulate these conflicts: separating academic and business activities, or integrating research and business activities under the rubric of a broader institutional mission. The degree to which one or the other model dominates indicates the degree to which an academic institution has assimilated and legitimated economic development as part of its mission. With partial support from this research award, this investigator will complete case study research at six U.S. universities. The cases provide detailed information about the range of institutional responses to these controversies, in historical and sociological context. The research will identify and elucidate the origins of the controversies, and the different positions and resolutions that institutions assume and arrive at. It will assess the implications of these new policies and developments for issues of industrial and academic policy, nationally and internationally, and for regional development. Results of the study will be published in articles and a book which will interest universities, companies and government officials and agencies concerned with the changing mission of the university to assist economic and social development.