The Development of a Fast-Respone, Lightweight Instrument for In Situ Measurements of Reactive Chlorine and Bromine in the Lower Stratosphere

开发一种快速响应、轻型仪器，用于平流层下部活性氯和溴的原位测量

• 批准号: 9313412
• 负责人: Darin Toohey
• 金额: $ 30.3万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-05-01 至 1998-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9313412&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Fast; Respone; Lightweight; Instrument

ATM-9313412 Toohey The concentration of ozone in the lower stratosphere is sensitive to interaction of part-per-trillion abundances of radical species in the NOx, HOx, ClOx, and BrOx families. While NOx and NOx and HOx are predominantly of natural origin, concentrations of the halogen oxides in the stratosphere are thought to be increasing due to anthropogenic uses of organic halides, mainly the chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), halons, and methyl bromide. The inherant non-linear coupling of these radical families complicates interpretations of stratospheric photochemistry that rely either on isolated measurements of a single species in the atmosphere or on measurements using a single detection technique. This research project will focus on the design and deployment of a new instrument for in situ measurements of reactive chlorine (ClO and Cl2O2) and reactive bromine (BrO), one based on the technique of chemical-conversion resonance fluorescence and one which has flown successfully on aircraft and balloons. This instrument will be sufficiently lightweight that it could be deployed easily in conjunction with existing balloon- or aircraft- borne payloads, especially those to be flown on a new class of unmanned aircraft. Two major objectives will direct this project. First, these researchers will work closely with investigators who measure the halogen oxides with remote techniques from the ground, balloons, and space to provide a critical intercomparison of the available techniques and an evaluation of the uncertainties of the measurements over the altitude range from 12 to 35 km. They are also interested in interactions with those members of the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) and of the Upper. Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS). Second, the project scientists will seek collaborative investigations of the chemical and dynamical processes that determine the abundances of ozone- destroying radicals in the lower stratos phere. Their main interest will be the influence of aerosols on the balance of NOx, ClOx, and BrOx chemistries, especially near the tropical tropopause and at mid-latitudes. This instrument will be sufficiently lightweight that it could be deployed easily in conjunction with existing balloon- or payloads, especially those to be flown on a new class of unmanned aircraft.

ATM-9313412图希 平流层下部的臭氧浓度对NOx、HOx、ClOx和BrOx家族中的自由基物种的万亿分之一丰度的相互作用敏感。 虽然NOx和NOx和HOx主要是天然来源的，但平流层中卤素氧化物的浓度被认为是由于有机卤化物的人为使用而增加的，主要是氯氟烃（CFC）、哈龙和甲基溴。 这些自由基家族的遗传非线性耦合使平流层光化学的解释复杂化，这种解释依赖于对大气中单个物种的孤立测量或使用单一检测技术的测量。 该研究项目将侧重于设计和部署一种新的仪器，用于现场测量活性氯（ClO和Cl 2 O2）和活性溴（BrO），其中一种仪器基于化学转换共振荧光技术，并已成功地在飞机和气球上飞行。 这种仪器将足够轻，可以很容易地与现有的气球或飞机载有效载荷结合使用，特别是那些将在新型无人驾驶飞机上飞行的有效载荷。 两个主要目标将指导这个项目。 首先，这些研究人员将与从地面、气球和空间使用远程技术测量卤素氧化物的研究人员密切合作，对现有技术进行关键的相互比较，并对12至35公里高度范围内测量的不确定性进行评估。 他们还对与平流层变化探测网和上层大气探测网的成员进行互动感兴趣。 大气研究卫星（UARS）。 第二，项目科学家将寻求合作调查化学和动力学过程，这些过程决定了低层大气中破坏臭氧的自由基的丰度。 他们的主要兴趣将是气溶胶对NOx，ClOx和BrOx化学平衡的影响，特别是在热带对流层顶附近和中纬度地区。 这种仪器将足够轻，可以很容易地与现有的气球或有效载荷一起部署，特别是那些将在新型无人驾驶飞机上飞行的有效载荷。