Measurements of Total Water on the Gulfstream-V for Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3)

对流层上部/平流层下部（UTLS）地区的水汽、臭氧、气溶胶和卷云的综合影响对地球气候系统的辐射强迫起着强烈的调制作用。 该区域的组成不仅受到化学过程的影响，还受到动力过程的影响，例如跨对流层顶交换和源自地球表面附近的对流输送。 深对流云和化学（DC 3）实地活动将于2012年5月至6月进行，将支持研究大陆中纬度雷暴系统对三个地区（即科罗拉多东北部、俄克拉荷马州和德克萨斯州西部以及北方）UTLS组成和化学的对比影响。亚拉巴马）的特征是不同的背景化学和特征风暴行为。 该合同将支持现有的可调谐二极管激光器为基础的仪器，科罗拉多大学的封闭路径激光湿度计，使总水的测量（从冷凝液和冰水含量可能会得出）在DC 3的NSF/NCAR GV研究飞机上的适应。 将与安布里-里德尔航空大学的顾问合作设计和建造一个专门针对GV上选定采样位置的新入口，以便对各种云颗粒尺寸进行准确采样（10-400微米）。这项研究的学术价值在于提供中纬度上游地区高空间分辨率的精确和准确的总水量测量结果对流云系统，这反过来又使研究人员能够描述切变驱动型雷暴与气团型雷暴的不同传输特性，其伴随的云生命周期演变的微物理特性，以及在活跃对流停止后12-48小时期间，砧辐射环境如何随区域和时间而变化。 更广泛的影响将包括研究生培训和公众宣传，但最终将扩大到更好地了解对大气臭氧的控制以及与气候评估和政策制定的相关联系。

Combined influences of water vapor, ozone, aerosols and cirrus clouds in the upper-troposphere/lower-stratosphere (UTLS) region serve to strongly modulate radiative forcing of the earth's climate system. The composition of this region is affected not only by chemical processes, but also by dynamical ones such as cross-tropopause exchange and convective transports originating near the earth's surface. The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign, to be conducted May-June 2012, will support study of the contrasting impacts of continental midlatitude thunderstorm systems on UTLS composition and chemistry within three regions (viz. northeastern Colorado, western Oklahoma and Texas, and northern Alabama) characterized by differing background chemistry and characteristic storm behavior. This award will support adaptation of an existing tunable diode laser-based instrument, the University of Colorado closed-path laser hygrometer, to make measurements of total water (from which condensed liquid and ice water contents may be derived) aboard the NSF/NCAR GV research aircraft during DC3. A new inlet specific to the selected sampling location aboard the GV will be designed and built in collaboration with a consultant from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University to enable accurate sampling of a wide range of cloud particle sizes (10-400 micrometers).The intellectual merit of this research rests on provision of precise and accurate measurements of total water at high spatial resolution within the upper reaches of midlatitude convective cloud systems, which will in-turn allow investigators to describe differing transport properties of shear-driven vs. airmass-type thunderstorms, their attendant evolving microphysical properties over cloud lifecycles, and how anvil radiative environments differ from region to region and with time during the interval 12-48 hours after cessation of active convection. Broader impacts will include graduate student training and public outreach, but will ultimately extend to improved understanding of controls on atmospheric ozone and associated links to climate assessment and policy formulation.