In situ Measurements of ClO, BrO, CFC-11, Particles and Ozone during SOLVE

这个研究项目将结合NASA的任务Solve(SAGE臭氧损失和验证实验)进行一系列测量，以检查北极极涡中卤素自由基造成的臭氧损失问题。将使用从瑞典基律纳发射的小气球，在10至30公里范围内使用快速响应原位仪器测量ClO、BrO、Cl2O2、CFC-11、颗粒物和臭氧。从1999年11月下旬到2000年2月，将安排最多6次发射，以解决以下问题：飞行1-PSC前的初始涡旋组成，包括粒子、卤素自由基和臭氧分布，以及暖(~200-210K)非均相化学的影响。飞行2-冬初活性氯(ClO Cl2O2)在高太阳天顶角的分配和臭氧损失，。项目将与来自法国和瑞典的研究人员密切合作，他们将对NO2、OClO、BRO、臭氧、水蒸气、CFC-11和CFC-12进行单独的气球测量，并对一大套化合物进行地面测量，包括BRO柱、来源气体、水库和ClO的剖面。发射计划将与其他解决方案活动重叠，以增强科学目标。这将包括验证符合SAGE III的测量，与ER-2和DC-8飞机上的类似测量进行相互比较，以及利用测量长寿命示踪剂和卤素和氮氧化物储存库的气球进行相关飞行的机会。主要目标将是提供一个独特的数据集，用来确定从对流层顶到~30公里范围内的卤素激活和失活以及臭氧损失，并可用来适当地限制用于计算臭氧损失的模型。这项工作还将通过提供将在时间和垂直空间上扩展对类似物种的观测的高分辨率轮廓(在ER-2和DC-8的情况下)，并通过产生一套更全面的测量(在大型远程和现场气球有效载荷的情况下)，对Solve NRA中概述的活动进行补充。宣传活动将由一个实验小组指导，该小组成员包括国际和平研究所、怀俄明大学的Terry Deshler教授、欧洲臭氧研究协调单位的Neil Harris博士、法国国家航空研究中心的Jean-Pierre Pommereau博士和瑞典基律纳瑞典空间物理研究所的Sheila Kirkwood教授。最终的飞行时刻表将由Solve科学团队提供更多信息来制定，发射将主要基于戈达德太空飞行中心轨迹邮递器的气象预报和来自3-D光化学模型的信息。

9978181Toohey This research project will conduct a series of measurements in conjunction with the NASA mission SOLVE (SAGE Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment), to examine the issue of ozone loss due to halogen radicals in the arctic polar vortex. ClO, BrO, Cl2O2, CFC-11, particles, and ozone will be measured with fast-response in situ instruments between 10 and 30 km with small balloons to be launched from Kiruna, Sweden. Up to six launches will be scheduled from late November, 1999, through February, 2000, to address the following issues: . Flight 1 - Initial pre-PSC vortex composition, including particle, halogen radical, and ozone distributions, and the impact of warm (~200-210 K) heterogeneous chemistry,. Flight 2 - Early-winter reactive chlorine (ClO + Cl2O2) partitioning and ozone loss at high-solar zenith angles, . Flights 3-6 - Halogen activation by PSCs, mid-winter ozone loss due to BrO and ClO, and halogen recovery.The project will be conducted in close collaboration with investigators from France and Sweden who will be conducting separate balloon measurements of NO2, OClO, BrO, ozone, water vapor, CFC-11, and CFC-12, and ground-based measurements of a large suite of compounds, including columns of BrO, source gases, and reservoirs, and profiles of ClO. Launches will be scheduled to overlap with other SOLVE activities to enhance the science objectives. This will include validations of coincident SAGE III measurements, intercomparisons with similar measurements on the ER-2 and DC-8 aircraft, and opportunities for correlative flights with balloons measuring long-lived tracers and reservoirs of halogen and nitrogen oxides. The primary objective will be to provide a unique data set with which to determine halogen activation and deactivation and ozone loss from the tropopause to ~30 km, and which can be used to suitably constrain models used to calculate ozone loss. This work will also complement activities outlined in the SOLVE NRA by providing high-resolution profiles that will extend the observations of similar species in time and vertical space (in the case of the ER-2 and DC-8) and by producing a more comprehensive set of measurements (in the case of large remote and in situ balloon payloads). The campaign will be directed by an experimental team that includes the PI, Prof. Terry Deshler of the University of Wyoming, Dr. Neil Harris of the European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit, Dr. Jean-Pierre Pommereau of Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS, France, and Prof. Sheila Kirkwood of the Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden. The final flight schedule will be developed with additional input from the SOLVE science team, and launches will be based primarily on meteorological forecasts from the Goddard Space Flight Center trajectory mailer with information from 3-D photochemical models.