In situ Measurements of ClO, BrO, CFC-11, Particles and Ozone during SOLVE

9978181 Toohey这个研究项目将与NASA的使命SOLVE（SAGE臭氧损失和验证实验）一起进行一系列测量，以研究北极极涡中卤素自由基引起的臭氧损失问题。ClO、BrO、Cl 2 O2、CFC-11、粒子和臭氧将在10至30公里之间用快速反应的现场仪器测量，并使用从瑞典基律纳发射的小气球。从1999年11月底至2000年2月，将安排进行多达6次发射，以解决下列问题：飞行1 -PSC前的初始涡流成分，包括粒子、卤素自由基和臭氧分布， 以及热（~200-210 K）非均相化学的影响。 第2次飞行-初冬活性氯（ClO + Cl 2 O2）在太阳高顶的分配和臭氧损失 角，飞行3-6 --PSC的卤素活化、BrO和ClO造成的隆冬臭氧损失以及卤素恢复。该项目将与来自法国和瑞典的研究人员密切合作，他们将分别对NO2、OClO、BrO、臭氧、水蒸气、CFC-11和CFC-12进行气球测量，并对大量化合物进行地面测量，包括BrO柱、源气、储层和ClO剖面。发射计划将与其他SOLVE活动重叠，以加强科学目标。这将包括SAGE III同步测量的验证，与ER-2和DC-8飞机上类似测量的相互比较，以及与测量长寿命示踪剂和卤素和氮氧化物储存库的气球进行相关飞行的机会。主要目标是提供一套独特的数据，用以确定对流层顶至约30公里范围内的卤素活化和失活以及臭氧损失，并可用于适当限制用于计算臭氧损失的模型。这项工作还将补充SOLVE NRA中概述的活动，提供高分辨率剖面图，在时间和垂直空间上扩大对类似物种的观测（就ER-2和DC-8而言），并制作一套更全面的测量数据（就大型远程和现场气球有效载荷而言）。该运动将由一个实验小组负责指导，该小组包括主要研究者、怀俄明州大学的Terry Deshler教授、欧洲臭氧研究协调股的Neil Harris博士、法国国家科学研究中心空气动力学服务处的Jean-Pierre Pommereau博士和瑞典基律纳瑞典空间物理研究所的Sheila柯克伍德教授。最终的飞行时间表将在SOLVE科学团队的额外投入下制定，发射将主要基于戈达德太空飞行中心轨迹邮件的气象预报，以及来自3-D光化学模型的信息。

9978181Toohey This research project will conduct a series of measurements in conjunction with the NASA mission SOLVE (SAGE Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment), to examine the issue of ozone loss due to halogen radicals in the arctic polar vortex. ClO, BrO, Cl2O2, CFC-11, particles, and ozone will be measured with fast-response in situ instruments between 10 and 30 km with small balloons to be launched from Kiruna, Sweden. Up to six launches will be scheduled from late November, 1999, through February, 2000, to address the following issues: . Flight 1 - Initial pre-PSC vortex composition, including particle, halogen radical, and ozone distributions, and the impact of warm (~200-210 K) heterogeneous chemistry,. Flight 2 - Early-winter reactive chlorine (ClO + Cl2O2) partitioning and ozone loss at high-solar zenith angles, . Flights 3-6 - Halogen activation by PSCs, mid-winter ozone loss due to BrO and ClO, and halogen recovery.The project will be conducted in close collaboration with investigators from France and Sweden who will be conducting separate balloon measurements of NO2, OClO, BrO, ozone, water vapor, CFC-11, and CFC-12, and ground-based measurements of a large suite of compounds, including columns of BrO, source gases, and reservoirs, and profiles of ClO. Launches will be scheduled to overlap with other SOLVE activities to enhance the science objectives. This will include validations of coincident SAGE III measurements, intercomparisons with similar measurements on the ER-2 and DC-8 aircraft, and opportunities for correlative flights with balloons measuring long-lived tracers and reservoirs of halogen and nitrogen oxides. The primary objective will be to provide a unique data set with which to determine halogen activation and deactivation and ozone loss from the tropopause to ~30 km, and which can be used to suitably constrain models used to calculate ozone loss. This work will also complement activities outlined in the SOLVE NRA by providing high-resolution profiles that will extend the observations of similar species in time and vertical space (in the case of the ER-2 and DC-8) and by producing a more comprehensive set of measurements (in the case of large remote and in situ balloon payloads). The campaign will be directed by an experimental team that includes the PI, Prof. Terry Deshler of the University of Wyoming, Dr. Neil Harris of the European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit, Dr. Jean-Pierre Pommereau of Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS, France, and Prof. Sheila Kirkwood of the Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden. The final flight schedule will be developed with additional input from the SOLVE science team, and launches will be based primarily on meteorological forecasts from the Goddard Space Flight Center trajectory mailer with information from 3-D photochemical models.