Physics of Two-Dimensional Electron Systems

小行星9318749 技术摘要：半导体微结构中的二维电子态（2DES）表现出与强关联电子相关的独特性质。 这些性质包括一维边缘态、维格纳结晶和单电荷载流子隧穿。 集体基态的2DES和几个电子，它们的激发，边缘状态，和量子相变的尺寸量子化系统的属性将在非常低的温度和非常高的磁场通过磁输运，热激活，非线性输运，以及通过共振和单粒子隧穿实验experimentalally研究。 非技术摘要：超薄半导体层在未来的高性能半导体器件中具有重要的潜在应用。 这种材料系统还允许研究独特的电子现象，这些现象在接近绝对零度的非常低的温度和非常高的磁场中特别引人注目。 “量子霍尔效应”是一种显著的现象，它表现出极不寻常的现象，如分数电子电荷和高度有序的电子组装。 所提出的实验旨在理解这些独特性质背后的广泛理论概念。 在另一个实验中，将在特别设计的最初未被电子占据的超小半导体点中研究单个电子的传输。 这种方法是测量电子顺序转移到这样的量子点时电子电流的变化。 这个过程将被扩展到超低温和高磁场，并与最近的理论预测进行比较。 ***

9318749 Goldman Technical abstract: Two-dimensional electron states (2DES) in semiconductor microstructures exhibit unique properties associated with strongly correlated electrons. Such properties include one- dimensional edge states, Wigner crystallization, and single-charge carrier tunneling. The properties of the collective ground states of 2DES and size-quantized systems of few electrons, their excitations, edge states, and the quantum phase transitions will be studied experimenrally at very low temperatures and very high magnetic fields via magnetotransport, thermal activation, nonlinear transport, as well as by resonant and single particle tunneling experiments. Non-technical abstract: Ultra-thin layers of semiconductors can have significant potential applications in future high performance semiconductor devices. Such materials systems also allow the investigation of unique electronic phenomena which are particularly strikingly exhibited at very low temperatures close to absolute zero and in very high magnetic fields. The "quantum Hall effect" is one of the remarkable phenomena which exhibits highly unusual phenomena such as fractional electronic charge and highly ordered assemblies of electrons. The proposed experiments are designed to understand the broad theoretical concepts that underlie thses unique properties. In another experiment the transport of single electrons will be studied in specially designed ultrasmall semiconductor dots which are initially unoccupied by electrons. The approach is to measure the changes in electronic current as electrons are sequentially transferred into such a quantum dot. This process will be extended to ultralow temperatures and high magnetic fields and compared with recent theoretical predictions. ***