Physics of Two-Dimensional Electron Systems

本研究计画主要探讨化合物半导体材料中二维电子气系统所表现出的凝聚态物质的量子力学性质。二维和低维电子系统表现了强关联电子的一些最基本的多体量子物理，例如整数和分数量子霍尔效应以及相关的一维边缘态，维格纳结晶，以及量子点和反量子点中的单粒子隧穿现象。通过磁输运、热激活、非线性输运、隧穿、共振和单粒子隧穿等技术，在极低温度和极高磁场下对二维电子集体基态和少量电子尺寸量子化系统的性质、激发、手征边缘态动力学和量子相变进行实验研究。这些结果对于建立和验证先进的多体量子理论具有重要意义。在半导体异质结构样品的研究中开发的实验技术通过实现其制造和操作基于类似材料和技术的新电子器件而对技术产生影响。这个研究项目是跨学科的性质，涉及本科生，研究生和博士后谁将被优秀的培训进入工业，政府和教育职位的培训。该研究项目涉及通过简单且表征良好的二维（2D）电子系统探测凝聚态物质的量子力学性质。 一维和零维样品使用现代半导体制造技术。 二维和低维电子系统表现出整数和分数量子霍尔效应和相关的一维边缘态，以及一维量子点和反量子点中的单粒子量子隧穿等行为。这些电子系统的性质及其动力学将在非常低的温度和非常高的磁场下进行实验研究。在半导体样品研究中开发的实验技术通过实现新的电子器件对技术产生影响，这些电子器件的制造和操作基于类似的材料和技术。这个研究项目是跨学科的性质，涉及本科生，研究生和博士后谁将被优秀的培训进入工业，政府和教育职位的培训。

This research project is concerned with quantum mechanical properties of condensed matter as exhibited by two-dimensional electron gas systems in compound semiconductor materials. Two- and the lower-dimensional electron systems manifest some of the most fundamental many-body quantum physics of strongly correlated electrons, such as the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects and the associated one-dimensional edge states, Wigner crystallization, and the single particle tunneling phenomena in quantum dots and antidots. The properties of the collective ground states of two-dimensional electrons and the size-quantized systems of few electrons, their excitations, chiral edge state dynamics, and the quantum phase transitions will be studied experimentally at very low temperatures and very high magnetic fields via the techniques of magnetotransport, thermal activation, nonlinear transport, tunneling, resonant and single particle tunneling. The results will be of great interest in the formulation and confirmation of advanced many-body quantum theory. The experimental techniques developed in the study of the semiconductor heterostructure samples have an impact on technology via realization of new electronic devices whose fabrication and operation is based on similar materials and techniques. This research project is interdisciplinary in nature and involves training of undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students who will be excellently trained to enter positions in industry, government and education.%%%This research project is concerned with the quantum mechanical properties of condensed matter probed via the simple and well characterized system of two-dimensional (2D) electrons. One- and zero-D samples are made using modern semiconductor fabrication techniques. Two- and the lower-D electron systems exhibit behavior such as the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects and the associated 1D edge states, and the single particle quantum tunneling in 0D quantum dots and antidots. The properties of these electron systems and their dynamics will be studied experimentally at very low temperatures and very high magnetic fields. The experimental techniques developed in the study of the semiconductor samples have an impact on technology via realization of new electronic devices whose fabrication and operation is based on similar materials and techniques. This research project is interdisciplinary in nature and involves training of undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students who will be excellently trained to enter positions in industry, government and education.