Dissertation Research: Paleolithic Mobility, Movement, and Range: A Lithic Perspective

论文研究：旧石器时代的流动性、运动和范围：石器的视角

• 批准号: 9319118
• 负责人: James Stoltman
• 金额: $ 1.12万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-11-01 至 1995-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9319118&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Paleolithic; Mobility; Movement

9319118 Stoltman Under the direction of Dr. James Stoltman, Mr. Jeffrey Shokler will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will focus on lithic materials - stone tools - excavated from a large number of sites in the Estremadura region of Portugal and use both macroscopic examination and chemical sourcing to determine the source of raw material origin. To accomplish this he will continue his ongoing surveys of flint source areas which are abundant in the region. Preliminary work suggests that, although in the same general region, different sources are distinct enough to allow attribution of tools recovered in archaeological sites material to source of geological origin. With such data Mr. Shokler should then be able to address a number of anthropologically significant questions which concern how prehistoric hunters and gatherers moved over the landscape and how they related to each other. He will examine how observed patterns changed over the course of the last ca. 40,000 years and how a developing lithic production technology affected raw material selection. About 40,000 years ago cultural traits such as art and religion first appeared in Europe. Over this part of the last Ice Age archaeologists can trace their intensification and further development. What is harder to discern however is the underlying social context in which these traits developed and Mr. Shokler's research is directed towards this goal. Based on evidence in Southern France and Northern Spain, it has been postulated that population increased over time and that groups adapted a yearly cycle which involved dispersal into smaller units and then aggregation into larger multiband groups. Aggregation requires social mechanisms which allow peaceful and organized interaction and this need served as incentive for change. Lithics provide a window which will allow Mr. Shokler to examine such questions. This research is important for several reasons. In recent years much archaeological data has been collected in Portugal with NSF support. Relatively little analysis has been done and the results of Mr. Shokler's research will be of interest to many archaeologists. The work examines the mechanisms by which modern cultural traits develop and will support the training of a promising young scientist. ***

小行星9319118 在James Stoltman博士的指导下，Jeffrey Shokler先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将专注于从葡萄牙埃斯特雷马杜拉地区大量遗址中挖掘出的石器材料-石器工具，并使用宏观检查和化学来源来确定原材料的来源。为了实现这一目标，他将继续对该地区丰富的燧石产地进行调查。 初步工作表明，虽然在同一大区域，不同的来源是不同的，足以让考古遗址材料中发现的工具的地质来源的归属。有了这些数据，Shokler先生应该能够解决一些人类学上的重要问题，这些问题涉及史前猎人和采集者如何在景观上移动，以及他们如何相互关联。他将研究观察到的模式在上一次ca过程中如何变化。40，000年，以及发展中的石器生产技术如何影响原材料的选择。 大约4万年前，艺术和宗教等文化特征首次出现在欧洲。在最后一个冰河时代的这一部分，考古学家可以追踪它们的强化和进一步发展。然而，更难辨别的是这些特征发展的潜在社会背景，而Shokler先生的研究正是针对这一目标。根据在法国南部和西班牙北方的证据，人们推测，人口随着时间的推移而增加，群体适应了一个年度循环，其中涉及分散成较小的单位，然后聚集成较大的多带群体。聚合需要社会机制，允许和平和有组织的互动，这一需要成为变革的动力。石版学提供了一个窗口，使Shokler先生能够研究这些问题。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。近年来，在国家科学基金会的支持下，葡萄牙收集了大量考古数据。相对而言，分析工作做得很少，肖克勒先生的研究结果将引起许多考古学家的兴趣。这项工作研究了现代文化特征发展的机制，并将支持培养有前途的年轻科学家。 ***