Dissertation Research: An Assessment of Mobility in Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic European humans: Evidence from Postcranial Cross-Sectional Geometric Analysis

论文研究：旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代欧洲人类活动能力的评估：来自颅后横截面几何分析的证据

• 批准号: 9530828
• 负责人: Robert Benfer
• 金额: $ 0.74万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-03-01 至 1997-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9530828&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Assessment; Mobility; Upper

The transition between hunter-gatherer lifestyle and subsequent sedentary Neolithic was a major stage in human history, a stage that remains poorly understood. The proposed study will test the hypothesis that sedentism in Europe began at the onset of postglacial conditions, and provide further insights into the preconditions of the European transition as well as a more complete understanding of skeletal adaptation to activity patterns. The consequences of environmental changes for human subsistence at the European Late Pleistocene/Holocene transition are poorly understood. Specifically, how did mobility change? This project will test the hypothesis that a significant decrease in mobility occurred at the European Upper Paleolithic/Mesolithic transition by examining changes through time in human postcranial skeletal structure, using cross-sectional tibial and femoral properties that are directly related to activity levels (locomotion). Data will be obtained from radiographs of the femur and tibia of osteological specimens in museum collections. Molds will be taken at three locations along the the femur and the tibia. Cross-sections at each location will be reconstructed, using the radiographs and molds as guides to endosteal and periosteal contours. Each reconstructed cross-section will be digitized and cross-sectional geometric properties calculated. Previous studies have shown that variation in lower limb bone cross-sectional shape corresponds to differences in mobility levels and patterns, reflecting subsistence differences. Correlations between various environmental, biological, and cultural factors and observed levels of mobility will be examined.

狩猎采集生活方式和随后的定居新石器时代之间的过渡是人类历史上的一个主要阶段，这一阶段仍然知之甚少。这项拟议中的研究将测试的假设，在欧洲sedentism开始在冰后期条件的发病，并提供进一步的见解，欧洲过渡的先决条件，以及更完整的了解骨骼适应活动模式。在欧洲晚更新世/全新世过渡的环境变化对人类生存的后果知之甚少。具体而言，流动性如何变化？该项目将通过使用与活动水平（运动）直接相关的胫骨和股骨横截面特性来检查人类颅后骨骼结构随时间的变化，验证欧洲旧石器时代晚期/中石器时代过渡时期活动性显着下降的假设。）。数据将从博物馆收藏的骨骼标本的股骨和胫骨的X光照片中获得。将在股骨和胫骨的沿着三个位置进行模具。 将使用X线片和模具作为骨内膜和骨膜轮廓的指南，重建每个位置的横截面。将对每个重建的横截面进行数字化，并计算横截面几何特性。先前的研究表明，下肢骨横截面形状的变化对应于活动水平和模式的差异，反映了生存差异。各种环境，生物和文化因素和观察到的流动性水平之间的相关性将被检查。