Social Influence Factors in Group Brainstorming

小行星9319999 摘要 组织和行业中的团体经常会面，就重要问题或问题产生想法。有时候，这样的团队会使用头脑风暴的程序，在这种程序中，他们试图在一种非批判性的气氛中产生尽可能多的想法，而不考虑质量。据推测，这种方法将产生大量的想法和一些高质量的想法。然而，研究表明，头脑风暴小组产生的想法和高质量的想法比相当数量的个人头脑风暴少。 研究者最近的研究提供的证据表明，社会影响因素可能在互动群体的表现中发挥关键作用。 在互动的群体中，个人有一种倾向，即相互匹配对方的表现。在实验室组与以前不熟悉的成员，也似乎是一种趋势，表现较低的成员有更大的影响比高性能的。社会影响模型表明，头脑风暴小组的不良表现部分是由于他们倾向于制定低绩效规范或标准。另一方面，有生产力的群体成员的存在可能会刺激其他群体成员提高生产力。在几个实验中，四个人组成的头脑风暴小组，其中两个参与者产生想法的能力会有所不同。在某些情况下，这两个参与者将能够产生许多想法，而在其他情况下，他们将只能产生一些想法。预期同事活动率的变化将影响头脑风暴会话期间以及具有新参与者的后续会话中的其他参与者的活动水平。这一系列的研究将增加我们对集体头脑风暴和集体任务绩效过程的理解。当群体成员联合收割机将他们的智力资源与其他人的智力资源结合起来，试图实现某种产品或目标时，很可能会发生群体头脑风暴中观察到的社会过程。 由于科学和工业中的许多想法的产生涉及到群体的互动，这一系列的研究将提供有关影响这些群体的生产力和创造力的因素的重要信息。这项研究的结果可能会建议如何提高这些任务的群体的有效性。

9319999 PAULUS ABSTRACT Groups in organizations and industry often meet to generate ideas about important problems or issues. Sometimes such groups use brainstorming procedures in which they try to generate as many ideas as possible without concern for quality in a noncritical atmosphere. It is presumed that such an approach will yield both large numbers of ideas and a number of high quality ones. However, research has demonstrated that brainstorming groups generate fewer ideas and fewer high quality ideas than a comparable number of individuals brainstorming alone. Recent studies by the investigator have provided evidence that social influence factors may play a critical role in the performance of interactive groups. There is a tendency for individuals in interactive groups to match each others' performance. In laboratory groups with previously unacquainted members, there also appears to be a tendency for the low performing members to have a greater impact than high performing ones. The social influence model suggests that the poor performance of brainstorming groups results in part from their tendency to develop low performance norms or standards. On the other hand, the presence of productive group members may stimulate the other group members to be more productive. In several experiments using brainstorming groups of four individuals, the ability of two of the participants to generate ideas will be varied. In some conditions these two participants will be able to generate many ideas, and in other conditions they will be able to generate only a few ideas. It is expected that the variation in rate of co-worker activity will influence the activity level of the other participants during the brainstorming session as well as in a subsequent session with new participants. This series of studies will increase our understanding of the processes involved in group brainstorming and group task performance in general. It is likely that the social processes observed in group brainstorming will occur whenever group members combine their intellectual resources with those of others in an attempt to achieve some product or goal. Since much idea generation in science and industry involves group interaction, this series of studies will provide important information about the factors that influence both the productivity and creativity of such groups. The results of this research may suggest ways to enhance the effectiveness of groups on such tasks.