Global Changes in Trade: Data Collection and Analysis

9320817芬斯特拉过去几十年来，全球贸易的迅速增长推动了世界经济的增长，并导致了发展中经济体和发达经济体的转型。了解国际贸易的来源，以及政策对贸易的影响，仍然是学术界和政府调查的一个重要话题。这项研究的关键是关于贸易流动和贸易其他方面的大型数据集，这些数据集跨越国家、行业和时间，不仅跨越这些国家、行业和时间，而且可以在国家、行业和时间之间进行比较。不幸的是，这类数据对研究人员来说并不容易获得。每个国家都为自己的目的收集贸易数据，特别是关税征收和其他贸易法规的管理。每个国家的制度都不同，而且随着时间的推移也发生了变化。即使联合国根据标准国际贸易分类(SITC)的连续版本收集许多国家的数据，也无法产生随时间推移一致的数据或符合美国或联合国的行业分类的数据。其结果是，每一项交易研究都涉及巨额费用，以及时间和精力的投资，以处理这些极其庞大的数据集，并将它们转化为分析有用的形式。这些时间和努力的支出是重叠和重复的，但尽管涉及到研究人员和资助研究的机构的费用，但很少有信息的传递或共享，而且许多努力被浪费了。该项目的目的是建立、汇编和协调一些关于国际贸易和国家商品和行业特征的大型数据集，这些数据决定了贸易流量，并使其广泛可用。该项目将以机器可读的形式提供关于美国进出口、世界贸易、世界价格、国家资源供应和行业投入的注释良好和方便的贸易集。有关国家资源供应的数据尤其令人振奋。它可能成为研究国际贸易模式和全球环境变化的关键数据来源。这些数据还被用来研究资本主义经济与社会主义经济增长的决定因素。现有的数据集载有从1958年到1975年的三年间34个国家的贸易流量和按用途(耕地、牧场)和气候面积区分的土地等资源特征的数据。这些数据以出版的形式存在，使其数据库中的国家数目从34个扩大到90多个，每年的覆盖面到目前为止。

9320817 Feenstra The rapid rise in global trade during the past decades has fueled world growth, and led to a transformation of developing and developed economies alike. Understanding the sources of international trade, and the impact of policy on trade, continues to be an important topic of academic and government inquiry. Essential to this study are large data sets on trade flows and other aspects of trade that span countries, industries and time, and not only span them but are comparable across countries, industries, and time. Unfortunately, data of this type are not readily available to researchers. Each country collects trade figures for its own purposes, particularly tariff collection and the administration of other trade regulations. Each country's system is different, and has changed over time. Even the collection of many countries' data by the UN according to successive versions of the Standard International trade Classification (SITC) does not produce data that are consistent over time or that fit the industry classifications of the United States or the United Nations. The result is that each trade study involves heavy expenses, and investments of time and effort to manipulate these extremely large data sets and ;put them in analytically useful forms. These expenditures of time and effort are overlapping and duplicative, but despite the expenses involved for researchers and agencies that finance research, there is little carryover or sharing of information, and much effort is wasted. The purpose of this project is to construct, assemble and concord a number of large data sets on international trade and on country commodity and industry characteristics that determine trade flows, and make them widely available. The project will provide well-annotated and convenient trade sets in machine readable form on U.S. imports and exports, world trade, world prices, country resource supplies, and industry inputs. The data on country resource supplies is especially exciting. It could be come a key data source for the study of international trade patterns and global environmental change. These data have also been used to study the determinants of growth in capitalist versus socialist economies. The existing data set contains data on trade flows and such resource characteristics as land differentiated both by use (arable, pasture) and by climatic area for 34 countries in three year intervals from 1958 to 1975. The data exist in published form to permit the number of countries int his database to be expanded from 34 to over 90 with annual coverage to the present.